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<p>This study investigates heavy metal contamination in water, soil, and sediment from the Ogbun River, examining its environmental and health implications. Using an Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS), metal concentrations were analyzed alongside indices such as the Water Quality Index (WQI), Heavy Metal Pollution Index (HMPI), Heavy Metal Evaluation Index (HMEI), Heavy Metal Toxicity Index (HMTI), and Environmental Water Quality Index (EWQI) to assess contamination levels. Results showed that iron (Fe), chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd), cobalt (Co), lead (Pb), and arsenic (As) in water samples exceeded World Health Organization (WHO) and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) standards, indicating severe contamination. Selenium (Se), antimony (Sb), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), and copper (Cu) remained within permissible limits. Sediment analysis revealed elevated Fe, Cr, and Cd levels above safety thresholds, while Mn, Zn, and Cu were within acceptable ranges. Fe, Cd, and Cr exceeded safety standards in soil, whereas Pb, As, and Zn remained below critical limits. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) highlighted Cd, As, and Se as dominant in water; Pb and As in soil; and Cd and Mn in sediment, revealing diverse metal distributions across matrices. While negative correlations, like Cu-Cd and Fe-Cd, show different interactions, positive correlations, like Pb-Ni, Cd-Se, and Cr-Zn, reflect shared geological or human origins. The results highlight serious environmental and socioeconomic issues, with particular cancer risks at Location D. Children are especially at risk because of their increased vulnerability. The study recommends regular more stringent pollution regulations, frequent monitoring, and public awareness campaigns.</p>

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Assessment of Heavy Metal Contamination in Water, Soil, and Sediment from Ogbun River, Ila-Orangun, Osun State, Nigeria: Environmental and Health Implications

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月14日

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  • Fatai Afolabi,
  • Joshua Toyin Adeleke,
  • Gboyega Oluwaseun Oyeleke,
  • Rukayat Odunola Opatokun-Saliu,
  • Olumide Afolabi,
  • Timothy Kayode Samson

摘要

This study investigates heavy metal contamination in water, soil, and sediment from the Ogbun River, examining its environmental and health implications. Using an Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS), metal concentrations were analyzed alongside indices such as the Water Quality Index (WQI), Heavy Metal Pollution Index (HMPI), Heavy Metal Evaluation Index (HMEI), Heavy Metal Toxicity Index (HMTI), and Environmental Water Quality Index (EWQI) to assess contamination levels. Results showed that iron (Fe), chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd), cobalt (Co), lead (Pb), and arsenic (As) in water samples exceeded World Health Organization (WHO) and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) standards, indicating severe contamination. Selenium (Se), antimony (Sb), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), and copper (Cu) remained within permissible limits. Sediment analysis revealed elevated Fe, Cr, and Cd levels above safety thresholds, while Mn, Zn, and Cu were within acceptable ranges. Fe, Cd, and Cr exceeded safety standards in soil, whereas Pb, As, and Zn remained below critical limits. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) highlighted Cd, As, and Se as dominant in water; Pb and As in soil; and Cd and Mn in sediment, revealing diverse metal distributions across matrices. While negative correlations, like Cu-Cd and Fe-Cd, show different interactions, positive correlations, like Pb-Ni, Cd-Se, and Cr-Zn, reflect shared geological or human origins. The results highlight serious environmental and socioeconomic issues, with particular cancer risks at Location D. Children are especially at risk because of their increased vulnerability. The study recommends regular more stringent pollution regulations, frequent monitoring, and public awareness campaigns.