<p>The COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated water quality issues due to the use of substances such as soaps, detergents, and hand sanitizers, which contain surfactants as their key ingredient. These products are modified to enhance their properties, thereby increasing their hazardous chemical impact on the environment, necessitating efficient remediation materials and methods. Surfactants are also released into the environment from various industrial processes. Compared to other surfactant removal techniques, adsorption offers several advantages, including ease of design, simplicity of use in the technical realm, and adaptability to various treatment formats. Adsorption operates across a wide pH range and in several environments. Adsorption is efficient, profitable, requires minimal energy, and has no harmful byproducts. Adsorbents can be developed using various biomass products, nanomaterials, polymeric materials, zeolites, and clays. Composites represent a much efficient alternative material for the elimination of surfactants. A composite of bentonite, sodium bisulfite, polyacrylamide, and aluminum sulphate confirmed a reduction in the surfactant concentration by 82 %,&#xa0;and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) by 65 % from a textile wastewater sample. Composite adsorbents made of zeolite and eggshells effectively removed surfactants from samples. The final adsorbent revealed 88% COD removal rate. The presented manuscript analyses the conventional methods for surfactant removal, especially focusing on composites as adsorbents. Future perspectives have been emphasized for the use of composites, and the performance of various composites for surfactant removal has been discussed at length.</p>

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Methods and Composites for Surfactant Removal From Wastewater: A Review

  • Deepali Kulkarni,
  • Dipika Jaspal,
  • Nilisha Itankar

摘要

The COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated water quality issues due to the use of substances such as soaps, detergents, and hand sanitizers, which contain surfactants as their key ingredient. These products are modified to enhance their properties, thereby increasing their hazardous chemical impact on the environment, necessitating efficient remediation materials and methods. Surfactants are also released into the environment from various industrial processes. Compared to other surfactant removal techniques, adsorption offers several advantages, including ease of design, simplicity of use in the technical realm, and adaptability to various treatment formats. Adsorption operates across a wide pH range and in several environments. Adsorption is efficient, profitable, requires minimal energy, and has no harmful byproducts. Adsorbents can be developed using various biomass products, nanomaterials, polymeric materials, zeolites, and clays. Composites represent a much efficient alternative material for the elimination of surfactants. A composite of bentonite, sodium bisulfite, polyacrylamide, and aluminum sulphate confirmed a reduction in the surfactant concentration by 82 %, and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) by 65 % from a textile wastewater sample. Composite adsorbents made of zeolite and eggshells effectively removed surfactants from samples. The final adsorbent revealed 88% COD removal rate. The presented manuscript analyses the conventional methods for surfactant removal, especially focusing on composites as adsorbents. Future perspectives have been emphasized for the use of composites, and the performance of various composites for surfactant removal has been discussed at length.