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<p>This study investigated the pollution characteristics, ecological risks, and sources of heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn, Ni) in urban roadside soils along Yan'an Road, Shanghai, to address knowledge gaps regarding traffic-derived metal contamination and its association with urbanization patterns. Systematic soil sampling (<i>n = </i>30) across three road sections was conducted, with metals quantified via atomic absorption spectrometry. Multidimensional assessment employed: (1) pollution index (PI) and Nemero index (PN) for pollution grading, (2) potential ecological risk index (RI) for hazard evaluation, and (3) principal component analysis (PCA) for source apportionment. Urbanization parameters (traffic density, land use) were integrated into spatial analysis. All metals exceeded Shanghai background values (Pb:455%, Zn: 306%, Cd 308%). Severe pollution (PI &gt; 3) was observed for Cd, Zn, and Pb, with Cd demonstrating the highest ecological risk (<InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11270_2025_8291_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="20" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="17" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({\mathrm{E}}_{\mathrm{r}}^{\mathrm{i}}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msubsup> <mi mathvariant="normal">E</mi> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi> </mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">i</mi> </msubsup> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>=96.8). PCA revealed two primary sources: PC1 (64.7% variance) contained traffic-sourced metals (Pb/Cu/Zn/Ni from tires/brakes/fuel), while PC2 (20.9%) isolated Cd from road paints/guardrails. Notably, green space proximity increased Pb/Cd retention but reduced Zn accumulation. This study uniquely linkeed Cd pollution to road markings and guardrail paints while integrating urbanization parameters into risk assessment. The findings provided references and guidance on the prevention and control of heavy metals in road green-belt soil.</p>

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Heavy Metal Contamination in Roadside Greenbelts of Megacities: Source Identification and Ecological Risks along Yan'an Road, Shanghai

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月30日

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  • Kun He,
  • Kailiang Cai,
  • Hefang Geng,
  • Yanting Zhang,
  • Chunliang Zhou,
  • Shucheng Feng,
  • Benyao Wang

摘要

This study investigated the pollution characteristics, ecological risks, and sources of heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn, Ni) in urban roadside soils along Yan'an Road, Shanghai, to address knowledge gaps regarding traffic-derived metal contamination and its association with urbanization patterns. Systematic soil sampling (n = 30) across three road sections was conducted, with metals quantified via atomic absorption spectrometry. Multidimensional assessment employed: (1) pollution index (PI) and Nemero index (PN) for pollution grading, (2) potential ecological risk index (RI) for hazard evaluation, and (3) principal component analysis (PCA) for source apportionment. Urbanization parameters (traffic density, land use) were integrated into spatial analysis. All metals exceeded Shanghai background values (Pb:455%, Zn: 306%, Cd 308%). Severe pollution (PI > 3) was observed for Cd, Zn, and Pb, with Cd demonstrating the highest ecological risk ( \({\mathrm{E}}_{\mathrm{r}}^{\mathrm{i}}\) E r i =96.8). PCA revealed two primary sources: PC1 (64.7% variance) contained traffic-sourced metals (Pb/Cu/Zn/Ni from tires/brakes/fuel), while PC2 (20.9%) isolated Cd from road paints/guardrails. Notably, green space proximity increased Pb/Cd retention but reduced Zn accumulation. This study uniquely linkeed Cd pollution to road markings and guardrail paints while integrating urbanization parameters into risk assessment. The findings provided references and guidance on the prevention and control of heavy metals in road green-belt soil.