Review on Phthalates: Exposure Pathways, Health Risks, Regulatory Imperatives and Mitigation Strategies
摘要
Phthalates are widely used as plasticizers in various consumer products and have raised significant health concerns due to their potential toxicity, particularly in children. Although many countries have implemented regulatory frameworks to limit phthalate utilization, especially in toys and childcare products. Despite stringent regulations in developed nations, phthalate utilization continued, especially in China, India, and part of Latin America, where regulatory frameworks are less stringent which results significant quantity of phthalates released into the environment as micro-plastics. This review highlights the need for global regulatory harmonization, the development of safer alternatives, and enhanced monitoring systems to mitigate phthalate pollution. Public awareness, international collaboration, and research into sustainable alternatives are crucial to address the environmental and health challenges posed by phthalates. The findings underscore the importance of decisive action to reduce phthalate exposure, protect ecosystems, and ensure a healthier future.