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<p>Hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] contamination in industrial wastewater poses a serious environmental and public health threat due to its high toxicity, mobility, and persistence. Developing low-cost, efficient, and sustainable adsorbents is essential for mitigating chromium pollution, especially in regions with limited access to advanced water treatment infrastructure. The silver-doped Neem stem biochar (Ag@NSBC) prepared by pyrolysis of the stem of the neem tree has been reported for the reductive removal of toxic hexavalent chromium. Using various physico-chemical characterisation techniques, the surface morphology, structure, and catalytic activity were investigated. With Ag@NSBC, the removal efficiency was assessed based on several controls, including the amount of Ag@NSBC, initial pH, and contact time. Reductive removal processes are primarily influenced by the functional groups present on the surface of Ag@NSBC under pH 2 and resulting removal efficacy of 62.23 mg/g. It follows the Langmuir adsorption isotherm and the pseudo-second-order model. The Ag@NSBC demonstrated greater catalytic activity than others reported in the literature. An eco-friendly Ag@NSBC displayed excellent catalytic performance, as evidenced by UV–visible spectrophotometric investigation, with extraordinary stability and reusability even over five repeated catalytic cycles. This work highlights the practical applicability of turning abundant neem stem waste into a value-added adsorbent for industrial wastewater treatment. The results indicate that biochar is an effective and sustainable alternative for the reduction of Cr(VI) in water, achieving high reduction efficiency at low dosages and short contact times. The Ag@NSBC’s performance, reusability, and simplicity of synthesis underscore its potential for real-world deployment in decentralised or small-scale treatment systems, particularly in chromium-affected waterbodies. The study highlights the potential applications of Ag@NSBC in environmental remediation and provides a foundation for further research in this area.</p>

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Reductive Removal of Hexavalent Chromium from Aqueous Solutions by Silver-Doped Biochar Derived from Azadirachta indica Stem

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月20日

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  • Thangagiri Baskaran

摘要

Hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] contamination in industrial wastewater poses a serious environmental and public health threat due to its high toxicity, mobility, and persistence. Developing low-cost, efficient, and sustainable adsorbents is essential for mitigating chromium pollution, especially in regions with limited access to advanced water treatment infrastructure. The silver-doped Neem stem biochar (Ag@NSBC) prepared by pyrolysis of the stem of the neem tree has been reported for the reductive removal of toxic hexavalent chromium. Using various physico-chemical characterisation techniques, the surface morphology, structure, and catalytic activity were investigated. With Ag@NSBC, the removal efficiency was assessed based on several controls, including the amount of Ag@NSBC, initial pH, and contact time. Reductive removal processes are primarily influenced by the functional groups present on the surface of Ag@NSBC under pH 2 and resulting removal efficacy of 62.23 mg/g. It follows the Langmuir adsorption isotherm and the pseudo-second-order model. The Ag@NSBC demonstrated greater catalytic activity than others reported in the literature. An eco-friendly Ag@NSBC displayed excellent catalytic performance, as evidenced by UV–visible spectrophotometric investigation, with extraordinary stability and reusability even over five repeated catalytic cycles. This work highlights the practical applicability of turning abundant neem stem waste into a value-added adsorbent for industrial wastewater treatment. The results indicate that biochar is an effective and sustainable alternative for the reduction of Cr(VI) in water, achieving high reduction efficiency at low dosages and short contact times. The Ag@NSBC’s performance, reusability, and simplicity of synthesis underscore its potential for real-world deployment in decentralised or small-scale treatment systems, particularly in chromium-affected waterbodies. The study highlights the potential applications of Ag@NSBC in environmental remediation and provides a foundation for further research in this area.