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<p>Access to potable water is a significant challenge in developing nations, with polluted drinking water posing severe health risks. This study investigated the physicochemical parameters, heavy metal concentrations using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer, human health risks following the USEPA model, and mutagenicity and cytogenotoxicity using AMES-384 ISO and <i>Allium cepa</i> assays, induced by surface (river) and groundwater (borehole) from Ayetoro, a coastal fishing community in Ondo State, Nigeria. Heavy metal analysis showed that the surface water contained elevated Cd, Cr, Pb, and Ni levels. Hazard index values were 0.918 (children) and 0.726 (adults) for surface water, and 0.746 (children) and 0.591 (adults) for groundwater, indicating low non-carcinogenic risks (H &lt; 1). However, high carcinogenic risk values of 0.014 (children) and 0.002 (adults) were recorded for surface water, and 0.000684 (children) for groundwater water, indicating cancer risks in exposed individuals. Mutagenicity testing revealed mutagenic effects via base-pair substitutions and frameshift mutations by both water samples, with groundwater showing higher mutagenicity in TA98 and TA100 after 48, 72, and 96&#xa0;h. Cytogenotoxicity testing showed a statistically significant (p ≤ 0.05), concentration-dependent increase in root growth and mitotic index, with the highest concentration of the two samples inducing the highest growth in the root tips of <i>A. cepa</i>. Also, a significant induction of chromosomal abnormalities such as lagging chromosomes, chromosome stickiness, binucleated cells, and chromosomes with bridges were recorded. These findings suggest that Ayetoro's water resources contain harmful compounds that could cause genetic and cellular damage, necessitating immediate interventions for contamination control and public health protection.</p>

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Health Risks Assessment and DNA Damage in Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Systems By Surface and Ground Waters in Ayetoro Coastal Community, Ondo, Nigeria

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月19日

查看全文
  • Okunola Adenrele Alabi,
  • Funmilayo Esther Ayeni,
  • Michael Olufemi Ashamo,
  • Olufunke Ayannike Ayanbola,
  • Esther Oluwatoyin Adejumo,
  • Augustine Onyeka Obodoechine

摘要

Access to potable water is a significant challenge in developing nations, with polluted drinking water posing severe health risks. This study investigated the physicochemical parameters, heavy metal concentrations using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer, human health risks following the USEPA model, and mutagenicity and cytogenotoxicity using AMES-384 ISO and Allium cepa assays, induced by surface (river) and groundwater (borehole) from Ayetoro, a coastal fishing community in Ondo State, Nigeria. Heavy metal analysis showed that the surface water contained elevated Cd, Cr, Pb, and Ni levels. Hazard index values were 0.918 (children) and 0.726 (adults) for surface water, and 0.746 (children) and 0.591 (adults) for groundwater, indicating low non-carcinogenic risks (H < 1). However, high carcinogenic risk values of 0.014 (children) and 0.002 (adults) were recorded for surface water, and 0.000684 (children) for groundwater water, indicating cancer risks in exposed individuals. Mutagenicity testing revealed mutagenic effects via base-pair substitutions and frameshift mutations by both water samples, with groundwater showing higher mutagenicity in TA98 and TA100 after 48, 72, and 96 h. Cytogenotoxicity testing showed a statistically significant (p ≤ 0.05), concentration-dependent increase in root growth and mitotic index, with the highest concentration of the two samples inducing the highest growth in the root tips of A. cepa. Also, a significant induction of chromosomal abnormalities such as lagging chromosomes, chromosome stickiness, binucleated cells, and chromosomes with bridges were recorded. These findings suggest that Ayetoro's water resources contain harmful compounds that could cause genetic and cellular damage, necessitating immediate interventions for contamination control and public health protection.