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<p>In this research, a magnetic nanocomposite of Ag@CaO@CoFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> was considered as a new and highly efficient adsorbent for the removal of Toluidine Blue dye. Ag@CaO@CoFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> nanocomposite was synthesized by coprecipitation method and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX), infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), Vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analyses. The synthesized adsorbent is dumbbell-shaped with two open holes which this is favorable for the adsorption of the dye. Effective factors including pH, initial dye concentration (<i>C</i><sub><i>i</i></sub>), and the adsorbent dosage (<i>m</i>) were recognized by a two-level full factorial design. A Box-Behnken design (BBD) was applied to optimize the removal conditions of Toluidine blue dye. The maximum removal percent of 98.6% was obtained in the optimal conditions of pH = 10, <i>C</i><sub><i>i</i></sub> = 600&#xa0;mg L<sup>−1</sup>, and <i>m</i> = 0.02&#xa0;g. The equilibrium adsorption isotherms and kinetic models were also studied. The Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second-order model described the adsorption process well. The maximum uptake capacity (q<sub>max</sub>) of monolayer Langmuir isotherm was 2411.9&#xa0;mg&#xa0;g<sup>−1</sup>.</p>

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A Facile Synthesis of Ag@CaO@CoFe2O4 Magnetic Nanocomposite As a Highly Efficient Adsorbent for Remediation of Toluidine Blue From Water Sources and Experimental Design Optimization

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月10日

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  • Sahar Ravansalar,
  • Javad Zolgharnein,
  • Saeideh Dermanaki Farahani

摘要

In this research, a magnetic nanocomposite of Ag@CaO@CoFe2O4 was considered as a new and highly efficient adsorbent for the removal of Toluidine Blue dye. Ag@CaO@CoFe2O4 nanocomposite was synthesized by coprecipitation method and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX), infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), Vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analyses. The synthesized adsorbent is dumbbell-shaped with two open holes which this is favorable for the adsorption of the dye. Effective factors including pH, initial dye concentration (Ci), and the adsorbent dosage (m) were recognized by a two-level full factorial design. A Box-Behnken design (BBD) was applied to optimize the removal conditions of Toluidine blue dye. The maximum removal percent of 98.6% was obtained in the optimal conditions of pH = 10, Ci = 600 mg L−1, and m = 0.02 g. The equilibrium adsorption isotherms and kinetic models were also studied. The Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second-order model described the adsorption process well. The maximum uptake capacity (qmax) of monolayer Langmuir isotherm was 2411.9 mg g−1.