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<p>The current work aims to develop a chitosan/sulfonated lemon peel biomass (CTO/SLP) biocomposite for for treating water contaminated with methylene blue dye. The physicochemical properties of CTO/SLP were comprehensively investigated using various analytical techniques including CHNS-O, pH<sub>pzc</sub>, XRD, FTIR, FESEM, and BET. To maximize CTO/SLP’s adsorption efficiency, a Box-Behnken Design (BBD) based on response surface methodology (RSM) was adopted, considering factors such as CTO/SLP dose (A: 0.03–0.09&#xa0;g), pH (B: 4–10), and time (C: 10–50&#xa0;min). The experimental data of methylene blue dye adsorption by CTO/SLP were well-fitted to the pseudo-first-order and Freundlich isotherm models. Impressively, CTO/SLP exhibited a excellent adsorption ability of 755.49&#xa0;mg/g. The electrostatic forces, hydrogen bonding, and n-π interactions between the methylene blue dye cation and the acidic groups of CTO/SLP were the main causes of the substantial methylene blue dye adsorption onto CTO/SLP. The study introduces a sustainable, green approach for producing highly effective adsorbent in removing methylene blue dye from water systems.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Removal of Methylene Blue Dye from Water using Chitosan/ Sulfonated Lemon (Citrus limon L.) Peel Biocomposite: Characterization and Adsorption Modeling

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月7日

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  • Mohammad K. A. Khan,
  • Ahmed Saud Abdulhameed,
  • Hassan Alshahrani,
  • Sameer Algburi

摘要

The current work aims to develop a chitosan/sulfonated lemon peel biomass (CTO/SLP) biocomposite for for treating water contaminated with methylene blue dye. The physicochemical properties of CTO/SLP were comprehensively investigated using various analytical techniques including CHNS-O, pHpzc, XRD, FTIR, FESEM, and BET. To maximize CTO/SLP’s adsorption efficiency, a Box-Behnken Design (BBD) based on response surface methodology (RSM) was adopted, considering factors such as CTO/SLP dose (A: 0.03–0.09 g), pH (B: 4–10), and time (C: 10–50 min). The experimental data of methylene blue dye adsorption by CTO/SLP were well-fitted to the pseudo-first-order and Freundlich isotherm models. Impressively, CTO/SLP exhibited a excellent adsorption ability of 755.49 mg/g. The electrostatic forces, hydrogen bonding, and n-π interactions between the methylene blue dye cation and the acidic groups of CTO/SLP were the main causes of the substantial methylene blue dye adsorption onto CTO/SLP. The study introduces a sustainable, green approach for producing highly effective adsorbent in removing methylene blue dye from water systems.

Graphical Abstract