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<p>Traditionally, chemically synthesized metal oxide nanoparticles do not offer an environmentally friendly approach to alleviate abiotic stresses in plants. This study evaluated the potential of microbially-synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) in mitigating the municipal wastewater stress in wheat crop. ZnO NPs synthesized from <i>Shewanela.</i> sp. was used to enhance the antioxidant’s enzymatic activity in wheat to mitigate wastewater stress. A pot experiment was conducted for this study with four concentrations (0, 50, 100, 150&#xa0;mg/L) of ZnO NPs applied through seed priming and soil drenching to minimize the wastewater stress. Results showed that seed priming, at 100&#xa0;mg/L, the antioxidant’s enzymatic activity of SOD, POD, CAT, and APX was increased by 55.4%, 26.7%, 48.5%, and 27.1%, as compared to control respectively. In soil drenching, the activity of SOD, POD, CAT, and APX was increased by 60.6%, 18.2%, 69.2%, and 27.1% as compared to control. The improvement in antioxidant enzymatic activity scavenged the reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as hydrogen peroxide (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>)<sub>,</sub> malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide radical (O<sup>2</sup>), and electrolyte Leakage (EL). Applying seed priming and soil drenching of ZnO nanoparticles significantly reduced the concentration of Cr and Cd in the roots and shoots. Based on the results, it can be concluded that seed priming is more proficient in reducing wastewater stress in wheat plants as compared to soil drenching due to the requirement of low concentration of ZnO NPs.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Microbial Synthesis of ZnO Nanoparticles: A Green Strategy for Mitigating Wastewater Stress in Wheat (Triticum aestivum)

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月2日

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  • Aneeza Ishfaq,
  • Irfan Haidri,
  • Usman Shafqat,
  • Imran Khan,
  • Hafiz Muhammad Rizwan,
  • Muhammed Umair Hassan,
  • Muhammad Irfan,
  • Muhammad Adnan,
  • Faisal Mahmood

摘要

Traditionally, chemically synthesized metal oxide nanoparticles do not offer an environmentally friendly approach to alleviate abiotic stresses in plants. This study evaluated the potential of microbially-synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) in mitigating the municipal wastewater stress in wheat crop. ZnO NPs synthesized from Shewanela. sp. was used to enhance the antioxidant’s enzymatic activity in wheat to mitigate wastewater stress. A pot experiment was conducted for this study with four concentrations (0, 50, 100, 150 mg/L) of ZnO NPs applied through seed priming and soil drenching to minimize the wastewater stress. Results showed that seed priming, at 100 mg/L, the antioxidant’s enzymatic activity of SOD, POD, CAT, and APX was increased by 55.4%, 26.7%, 48.5%, and 27.1%, as compared to control respectively. In soil drenching, the activity of SOD, POD, CAT, and APX was increased by 60.6%, 18.2%, 69.2%, and 27.1% as compared to control. The improvement in antioxidant enzymatic activity scavenged the reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide radical (O2), and electrolyte Leakage (EL). Applying seed priming and soil drenching of ZnO nanoparticles significantly reduced the concentration of Cr and Cd in the roots and shoots. Based on the results, it can be concluded that seed priming is more proficient in reducing wastewater stress in wheat plants as compared to soil drenching due to the requirement of low concentration of ZnO NPs.

Graphical Abstract