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<p>Heavy metal distribution in soil and wheat along polluted rivers has not been well investigated. Soil and wheat grain samples were collected from 15 rural villages along a historically polluted river and analyzed for Cd, Pb, Cu, Zn, Ni and Mn concentrations. Samples were divided into a polluted area (PA) and an unpolluted area (UPA) based on soil Cd concentrations. No significant difference was found between the mean wheat grain Cd concentrations of the PA and UPA (0.070 vs. 0.039&#xa0;mg&#xa0;kg<sup>−1</sup>), while there was significant difference for Ni. Cadmium had the greatest pollution index (soil concentration/background value) among all six metals in the soil, with the village along the river yet farthest from the polluting industries (67&#xa0;km) containing obvious soil Cd accumulation. The only significant difference in soils was found for Cd (0.862 vs. 0.213&#xa0;mg&#xa0;kg<sup>−1</sup>) between the PA and UPA areas (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). Greater soil and wheat grain Cd concentrations were found near battery factories in the upstream section of the river as compared to the remaining sampling sites. A stepwise multiple linear regression model indicated wheat grain Cd concentrations were positively correlated with soil Cd, and negatively correlated with soil Mn and Zn; wheat grain Zn concentrations were positively correlated with soil Zn while negatively correlated with Olsen-P concentrations. Soil reclamation should be conducted in the polluted areas to reduce Cd and increase Zn wheat grain concentrations for the human health benefits of local residents.</p>

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Elucidating Heavy Metal Contamination in Soil and Wheat: Cadmium Hotspots and Health Risks Along a Polluted River

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年4月29日

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  • Weiqin Xing,
  • Fei Du,
  • James A. Ippolito,
  • Jie Luo,
  • Yali Wang,
  • Yale Wang,
  • Yongxia Cheng,
  • Kunyan Qiu,
  • Liping Li

摘要

Heavy metal distribution in soil and wheat along polluted rivers has not been well investigated. Soil and wheat grain samples were collected from 15 rural villages along a historically polluted river and analyzed for Cd, Pb, Cu, Zn, Ni and Mn concentrations. Samples were divided into a polluted area (PA) and an unpolluted area (UPA) based on soil Cd concentrations. No significant difference was found between the mean wheat grain Cd concentrations of the PA and UPA (0.070 vs. 0.039 mg kg−1), while there was significant difference for Ni. Cadmium had the greatest pollution index (soil concentration/background value) among all six metals in the soil, with the village along the river yet farthest from the polluting industries (67 km) containing obvious soil Cd accumulation. The only significant difference in soils was found for Cd (0.862 vs. 0.213 mg kg−1) between the PA and UPA areas (p < 0.05). Greater soil and wheat grain Cd concentrations were found near battery factories in the upstream section of the river as compared to the remaining sampling sites. A stepwise multiple linear regression model indicated wheat grain Cd concentrations were positively correlated with soil Cd, and negatively correlated with soil Mn and Zn; wheat grain Zn concentrations were positively correlated with soil Zn while negatively correlated with Olsen-P concentrations. Soil reclamation should be conducted in the polluted areas to reduce Cd and increase Zn wheat grain concentrations for the human health benefits of local residents.