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<p>Air pollution from dumping sites is a global concern, with landfills being major sources of greenhouse gases, toxic air pollutants, and environmental degradation. This review bridges critical gaps in understanding the environmental and health impacts of dumping sites, with a specific focus on India. By examining pollutant emissions, waste composition, associated health risks, and the role of advanced monitoring technologies, it provides a comprehensive perspective on the challenges of waste management. The overall concentration range of various air pollutants measured at municipal solid waste dumping sites across India includes fine particulate matter (PM<sub>2.5</sub>: 31.52–250.3&#xa0;µg.m<sup>−3</sup>) and coarse particulate matter (PM<sub>10</sub>: 55.85–1073.38&#xa0;µg.m<sup>−3</sup>) sulfur dioxide (SO<sub>2</sub>: 1.47–285.33&#xa0;µg.m<sup>−3</sup>), nitrogen dioxide (NO₂: 11.05–234.33&#xa0;µg.m<sup>−3</sup>), carbon monoxide (CO: 0–361.15&#xa0;µg.m<sup>−3</sup>), and volatile organic compounds (VOCs: 4.30–38.35&#xa0;µg.m<sup>−3</sup>) The predominant bioaerosol species detected included fungal genera such as <i>Trichoderma</i>, <i>Aspergillus</i>, <i>Penicillium</i>, <i>Cladosporium</i>, <i>Alternaria</i>, <i>and Fusarium, along with bacterial species like Pantoea</i>, <i>Staphylococcus</i>, <i>Streptococcus</i>, <i>Klebsiella</i>, <i>Cytobacillus</i><i>, </i><i>Streptobacillus, Enterobacter</i>, <i>and Pseudomonas</i>. Dominant VOCs detected at dumping sites include toluene, styrene, benzene, carbon tetrachloride, chloroform, ethylbenzene, methylene chloride, and a mixture of xylene isomers. The study advances knowledge in the field by synthesizing and analyzing trends in air and gaseous pollutants over the past two decades, which is crucial for assessing long-term environmental changes. It also critically evaluates the effectiveness of waste management strategies, identifying successful case studies and policy measures that can be adapted for improved waste handling in India. Furthermore, by highlighting the role of emerging technologies in emission control and pollution monitoring, the study sets the stage for future research on innovative waste management solutions. The review emphasizes the need for monitoring air quality at landfill sites to safeguard both workers and nearby residents from the health risks linked to airborne pollutants.</p>

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Air Pollution from Dumping Sites in India: Implications on Environmental Health

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月27日

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  • Sarita Bamotra,
  • Shweta Yadav,
  • Ankit Tandon

摘要

Air pollution from dumping sites is a global concern, with landfills being major sources of greenhouse gases, toxic air pollutants, and environmental degradation. This review bridges critical gaps in understanding the environmental and health impacts of dumping sites, with a specific focus on India. By examining pollutant emissions, waste composition, associated health risks, and the role of advanced monitoring technologies, it provides a comprehensive perspective on the challenges of waste management. The overall concentration range of various air pollutants measured at municipal solid waste dumping sites across India includes fine particulate matter (PM2.5: 31.52–250.3 µg.m−3) and coarse particulate matter (PM10: 55.85–1073.38 µg.m−3) sulfur dioxide (SO2: 1.47–285.33 µg.m−3), nitrogen dioxide (NO₂: 11.05–234.33 µg.m−3), carbon monoxide (CO: 0–361.15 µg.m−3), and volatile organic compounds (VOCs: 4.30–38.35 µg.m−3) The predominant bioaerosol species detected included fungal genera such as Trichoderma, Aspergillus, Penicillium, Cladosporium, Alternaria, and Fusarium, along with bacterial species like Pantoea, Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Klebsiella, Cytobacillus, Streptobacillus, Enterobacter, and Pseudomonas. Dominant VOCs detected at dumping sites include toluene, styrene, benzene, carbon tetrachloride, chloroform, ethylbenzene, methylene chloride, and a mixture of xylene isomers. The study advances knowledge in the field by synthesizing and analyzing trends in air and gaseous pollutants over the past two decades, which is crucial for assessing long-term environmental changes. It also critically evaluates the effectiveness of waste management strategies, identifying successful case studies and policy measures that can be adapted for improved waste handling in India. Furthermore, by highlighting the role of emerging technologies in emission control and pollution monitoring, the study sets the stage for future research on innovative waste management solutions. The review emphasizes the need for monitoring air quality at landfill sites to safeguard both workers and nearby residents from the health risks linked to airborne pollutants.