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<p>The study presents a green and efficient approach for the determination of phthalates, such as diethyl phthalate (DEP) and dibutyl phthalate (DBP), in sewage water. The method combines dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (DLLME) with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) detection, utilizing ionic liquids, specifically [C<sub>6</sub>MIM]PF<sub>6</sub>, as environmentally friendly extraction solvents, and methanol as the dispersant. Through optimization of parameters, including extractive solvent volume and kind, dispersive solvent selection, and salt influence, the method demonstrates exceptional sensitivity and selectivity. Validation studies confirm its analytical robustness, with low limits of detection, high precision, and successful avoidance of matrix interferences. Application to real industry sewage samples from one sewage outfall reveals elevated DEP and DBP detection levels, highlighting the method's efficacy in monitoring environmental pollution. Good linearity of DEP and DBP in the range of 0.200–180.00&#xa0;μg/mL (R<sup>2</sup>: 0.9999) could be obtained. The spiked recoveries of DEP and DBP were in a range of 90.23%-95.11% and 91.18%-107.4% (RSD ≤ 5.34) with the detection limits of 0.0053 μg/mL and 0.0094&#xa0;μg/mL respectively. The choice of ionic liquids aligns with green analytical chemistry principles, contributing to sustainable and eco-friendly analytical methodologies. In conclusion, the developed DLLME-HPLC method stands as a promising tool for rapid, efficient, and environmentally conscious determination of trace-level phthalates in complex environmental matrices.</p>

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Ionic Liquid Dispersion Liquid Liquid Microextraction Phthalates From Sewage Coupled With High Performance Liquid Chromatography Detection

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年3月28日

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  • Xiaojing Chen,
  • Fengxia Qiao,
  • Huizhen Chen

摘要

The study presents a green and efficient approach for the determination of phthalates, such as diethyl phthalate (DEP) and dibutyl phthalate (DBP), in sewage water. The method combines dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (DLLME) with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) detection, utilizing ionic liquids, specifically [C6MIM]PF6, as environmentally friendly extraction solvents, and methanol as the dispersant. Through optimization of parameters, including extractive solvent volume and kind, dispersive solvent selection, and salt influence, the method demonstrates exceptional sensitivity and selectivity. Validation studies confirm its analytical robustness, with low limits of detection, high precision, and successful avoidance of matrix interferences. Application to real industry sewage samples from one sewage outfall reveals elevated DEP and DBP detection levels, highlighting the method's efficacy in monitoring environmental pollution. Good linearity of DEP and DBP in the range of 0.200–180.00 μg/mL (R2: 0.9999) could be obtained. The spiked recoveries of DEP and DBP were in a range of 90.23%-95.11% and 91.18%-107.4% (RSD ≤ 5.34) with the detection limits of 0.0053 μg/mL and 0.0094 μg/mL respectively. The choice of ionic liquids aligns with green analytical chemistry principles, contributing to sustainable and eco-friendly analytical methodologies. In conclusion, the developed DLLME-HPLC method stands as a promising tool for rapid, efficient, and environmentally conscious determination of trace-level phthalates in complex environmental matrices.