<p>Perchlorate is a persistent and long-lasting pollutant discovered in many water and food sources worldwide, causing widespread concern. It is a hormone disruptor that impacts human health by interfering with the thyroid gland's natural function. It is rapidly absorbed in humans and experimental animals following oral administration. Adults, fetuses, and neonates who are iodine-deficient may be particularly vulnerable to perchlorate sensitivity. Since perchlorate is widely present in surface water and groundwater, it is exposed to the aquatic environment. Solid fuels, ammunition, fireworks, fertilizers, vehicle airbag activators, and flares contain perchlorate as an oxidizing agent. Currently, many studies are being done on determining sources and remedial methods. For biological and environmental matrices, trace perchlorate levels have been measured in drinking water, sewage, milk, beer, blood, saliva, breast milk, fruits, and vegetables. The goal of this review focuses on analytical methods of perchlorate detection and prospects.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>