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<p>The uneven spatial distribution of water resources has intensified supply–demand mismatches, constraining sustainable socioeconomic development. Existing studies on spatial equilibrium are often limited to a single dimension, reducing their applicability for optimal water allocation.This study proposes a two-stage spatial equilibrium–based water allocation framework (SEWAS-R). The innovation lies in integrating spatial equilibrium evaluation with allocation optimization. In the first stage, spatial equilibrium is quantified from both system coordination and supply–demand consistency perspectives. In the second stage, the evaluation results are incorporated into a multi-objective optimization model to guide water allocation. The method combines the coupling coordination degree (CCD) and set pair analysis–variable fuzzy set (SPA–VFS) to improve the robustness of equilibrium assessment.The results show that the proposed framework improves water use efficiency, reduces pollutant emissions, and significantly enhances spatial equilibrium at both system and regional scales. Compared with conventional approaches, it better captures interactions among subsystems and supports coordinated development.This study provides a practical framework for linking spatial equilibrium assessment with water allocation, supporting coordinated water–economy–environment development.</p>

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An Optimal Water Resources Allocation Method Based On Spatial Equilibrium Theory for Coordinating Water and Socio-economic Development in Megacities

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月26日

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  • Qingyuan Li,
  • Yicong Dai,
  • Tiesheng Guan,
  • Xin Yin

摘要

The uneven spatial distribution of water resources has intensified supply–demand mismatches, constraining sustainable socioeconomic development. Existing studies on spatial equilibrium are often limited to a single dimension, reducing their applicability for optimal water allocation.This study proposes a two-stage spatial equilibrium–based water allocation framework (SEWAS-R). The innovation lies in integrating spatial equilibrium evaluation with allocation optimization. In the first stage, spatial equilibrium is quantified from both system coordination and supply–demand consistency perspectives. In the second stage, the evaluation results are incorporated into a multi-objective optimization model to guide water allocation. The method combines the coupling coordination degree (CCD) and set pair analysis–variable fuzzy set (SPA–VFS) to improve the robustness of equilibrium assessment.The results show that the proposed framework improves water use efficiency, reduces pollutant emissions, and significantly enhances spatial equilibrium at both system and regional scales. Compared with conventional approaches, it better captures interactions among subsystems and supports coordinated development.This study provides a practical framework for linking spatial equilibrium assessment with water allocation, supporting coordinated water–economy–environment development.