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<p>As a whole-of-society challenge, sustainable water management requires the integrated consideration of multiple water uses, forms, and stakeholders. This study constructs a dynamic parallel-series recycling data envelopment analysis model to assess the efficiency of the whole-of-society water sustainability (WWS) system, which consists of the water supply, production, living, ecological, and treatment sub-systems. The results are as follows: (1) The average overall efficiency of the WWS system was 0.65, primarily attributed to the unsatisfactory performance of the production sub-system. (2) The aggregation of WWS efficiency showed a steady increase over time, and resulted in the polarization of efficiency, characterized by high-high (northeast) or low-low (southwest) spatial clustering. (3) As the major external influencing factor, the population scale explained 20.14% of WWS efficiency, whereas the average explanatory power of the other external factors was only 6.20%. These findings suggest that advancing Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 6 depends not only on improving water quality, but also on reducing imbalances among regions and water-related sectors.</p>

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Assessing Whole-of-Society Water Sustainability Efficiency Toward SDG 6

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月28日

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  • Yuan Zhuang,
  • Haiwei Zhou,
  • Yung-ho Chiu,
  • Lina Zhang,
  • Changgao Cheng,
  • Yufei Han

摘要

As a whole-of-society challenge, sustainable water management requires the integrated consideration of multiple water uses, forms, and stakeholders. This study constructs a dynamic parallel-series recycling data envelopment analysis model to assess the efficiency of the whole-of-society water sustainability (WWS) system, which consists of the water supply, production, living, ecological, and treatment sub-systems. The results are as follows: (1) The average overall efficiency of the WWS system was 0.65, primarily attributed to the unsatisfactory performance of the production sub-system. (2) The aggregation of WWS efficiency showed a steady increase over time, and resulted in the polarization of efficiency, characterized by high-high (northeast) or low-low (southwest) spatial clustering. (3) As the major external influencing factor, the population scale explained 20.14% of WWS efficiency, whereas the average explanatory power of the other external factors was only 6.20%. These findings suggest that advancing Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 6 depends not only on improving water quality, but also on reducing imbalances among regions and water-related sectors.