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<p>The transportation sector plays a critical intermediary role in the global economy, yet its indirect environmental impacts across international supply chains remain insufficiently understood. This study employs a multi-regional input-output model to quantify the water and carbon footprints of the global transportation sector across 162 regions in 2020, with explicit disaggregation by land, water, and air transport modes. The results show that global transportation generated 3,212&#xa0;million m<sup>3</sup> of water footprint and 2,360&#xa0;million tons of carbon emissions in 2020. Land transport is the dominant contributor, accounting for 84% of water use and 89% of carbon emissions. Sectoral linkage analysis further reveals strong cross-sectoral effects, where agriculture accounts for the largest share of transport-driven water footprint reaching 1,661&#xa0;million m<sup>3</sup>, while the transport sector is the dominant driver of carbon emissions reaching 1,742&#xa0;million tons. Furthermore, our research identifies hot-spot countries and sectors with high footprints and proposes relevant policy implications. These findings contribute to the advancement of sustainable and green transportation initiatives.</p>

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Beyond Borders: Tracking Water and Carbon Footprints of Global Transport Modes

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月16日

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  • Chenglong Wang,
  • Xuewei Guo,
  • Chenyang Shuai,
  • Xi Chen,
  • Wei Huang,
  • Lin Gan,
  • Jingran Sun,
  • Bu Zhao

摘要

The transportation sector plays a critical intermediary role in the global economy, yet its indirect environmental impacts across international supply chains remain insufficiently understood. This study employs a multi-regional input-output model to quantify the water and carbon footprints of the global transportation sector across 162 regions in 2020, with explicit disaggregation by land, water, and air transport modes. The results show that global transportation generated 3,212 million m3 of water footprint and 2,360 million tons of carbon emissions in 2020. Land transport is the dominant contributor, accounting for 84% of water use and 89% of carbon emissions. Sectoral linkage analysis further reveals strong cross-sectoral effects, where agriculture accounts for the largest share of transport-driven water footprint reaching 1,661 million m3, while the transport sector is the dominant driver of carbon emissions reaching 1,742 million tons. Furthermore, our research identifies hot-spot countries and sectors with high footprints and proposes relevant policy implications. These findings contribute to the advancement of sustainable and green transportation initiatives.