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<p>Conflicts among operational objectives remain a major challenge in sustainable water resources management. This study develops an integrated simulation–optimization framework that couples a quantitative–qualitative WEAP model with a newly proposed fuzzy multi-objective imperialist competitive algorithm in a three-dimensional response space (F-MOICA3D). The main objective is to improve the sustainable operation of the Dez Dam–River system in southwest Iran. A comprehensive modelling framework was developed to simultaneously simulate and optimize water quantity and quality over a 30-year period under two scenarios: a baseline scenario representing current operational conditions and an optimization scenario generated by the proposed coupled model. Key water quality parameters, including electrical conductivity (EC), pH, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), dissolved oxygen (DO), nitrate nitrogen (N–NO₃), and ammonium nitrogen (N–NH₄), were analyzed. In addition, system sustainability was evaluated using reliability, resilience, and vulnerability indices. The optimization framework is designed to maximize water supply reliability, minimize violations of water quality standards, and reduce penalties associated with reservoir operational constraints. The results indicate that the optimization scenario significantly improves system performance compared with the baseline case. Water supply reliability increases, water quality conditions improve through a reduction in exceedances of permissible limits, and reservoir storage remains above critical thresholds, preventing failures during dry periods. Moreover, spatial pollution hotspots associated with BOD and EC are effectively identified. Overall, the proposed F-MOICA3D–WEAP framework demonstrates strong capability in addressing complex multi-objective water resources management problems. It enhances system sustainability by simultaneously improving water allocation efficiency, water quality status, and reservoir operation performance, providing a practical and robust decision-support tool for integrated water resources planning.</p>

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Development of New Fuzzy Multi-objective Optimization Algorithm (F-MOICA3D) for Quantitative-Qualitative Sustainable Operation of Water Resources Based on 3D Response Space

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月3日

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  • Sadaf Mavali,
  • Arash Azari

摘要

Conflicts among operational objectives remain a major challenge in sustainable water resources management. This study develops an integrated simulation–optimization framework that couples a quantitative–qualitative WEAP model with a newly proposed fuzzy multi-objective imperialist competitive algorithm in a three-dimensional response space (F-MOICA3D). The main objective is to improve the sustainable operation of the Dez Dam–River system in southwest Iran. A comprehensive modelling framework was developed to simultaneously simulate and optimize water quantity and quality over a 30-year period under two scenarios: a baseline scenario representing current operational conditions and an optimization scenario generated by the proposed coupled model. Key water quality parameters, including electrical conductivity (EC), pH, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), dissolved oxygen (DO), nitrate nitrogen (N–NO₃), and ammonium nitrogen (N–NH₄), were analyzed. In addition, system sustainability was evaluated using reliability, resilience, and vulnerability indices. The optimization framework is designed to maximize water supply reliability, minimize violations of water quality standards, and reduce penalties associated with reservoir operational constraints. The results indicate that the optimization scenario significantly improves system performance compared with the baseline case. Water supply reliability increases, water quality conditions improve through a reduction in exceedances of permissible limits, and reservoir storage remains above critical thresholds, preventing failures during dry periods. Moreover, spatial pollution hotspots associated with BOD and EC are effectively identified. Overall, the proposed F-MOICA3D–WEAP framework demonstrates strong capability in addressing complex multi-objective water resources management problems. It enhances system sustainability by simultaneously improving water allocation efficiency, water quality status, and reservoir operation performance, providing a practical and robust decision-support tool for integrated water resources planning.