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<p>The use of gabion weirs as a flexible, economical, and environmentally friendly alternative to impervious weirs is of great importance in flood management and optimal water resource utilization. The present study aimed to investigate the discharge coefficient (<i>C</i><sub>d</sub>) of broad-crested rectangular gabion weirs through both experimental and numerical approaches. For this purpose, 25 laboratory models, including impervious, homogeneous, and heterogeneous weirs with different porosities (<i>φ</i> = 44.94%, 45.65%, 46.39%), mean particle diameters (<i>d</i><sub>m</sub>=10.74, 15.49, and 25.65&#xa0;mm), and varying geometric dimensions were constructed, tested, and simulated. Numerical simulations were performed using FLOW-3D with various turbulence models, and the results were validated against experimental data. Statistical indicators demonstrated that the RNG turbulence model exhibited the highest accuracy compared to k-ε, k-ω, and LES models (MRE = 1.20%, RMSE = 0.011, KGE = 0.828). The results revealed that increasing the ratio of flow head to weir length leads to a higher proportion of overflow relative to the total discharge. While total discharge increases with upstream head, this does not necessarily correspond to an increase in the <i>C</i><sub>d</sub>, as higher heads and greater flow through the gabion increase energy losses and reduce discharge efficiency. Shorter weir crests allow overflow with minimal seepage into the porous medium, whereas longer crests exhibit reduced through-flow capacity. In heterogeneous weirs, the presence of layers with lower porosity and smaller particle size reduces the effective flow through the structure, resulting in a lower <i>C</i><sub>d</sub> compared to homogeneous weirs. Heterogeneity in porosity distribution creates more complex flow paths and decreases the effective discharge rate.</p>

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Investigation of the Effects of Internal Structure and Material Properties on the Hydraulic Performance of Rectangular Gabion Weirs: Experimental and Numerical Study

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月1日

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  • Hamidreza Abbaszadeh,
  • Reza Tarinejad,
  • Kiyoumars Roushangar,
  • Rasoul Daneshfaraz

摘要

The use of gabion weirs as a flexible, economical, and environmentally friendly alternative to impervious weirs is of great importance in flood management and optimal water resource utilization. The present study aimed to investigate the discharge coefficient (Cd) of broad-crested rectangular gabion weirs through both experimental and numerical approaches. For this purpose, 25 laboratory models, including impervious, homogeneous, and heterogeneous weirs with different porosities (φ = 44.94%, 45.65%, 46.39%), mean particle diameters (dm=10.74, 15.49, and 25.65 mm), and varying geometric dimensions were constructed, tested, and simulated. Numerical simulations were performed using FLOW-3D with various turbulence models, and the results were validated against experimental data. Statistical indicators demonstrated that the RNG turbulence model exhibited the highest accuracy compared to k-ε, k-ω, and LES models (MRE = 1.20%, RMSE = 0.011, KGE = 0.828). The results revealed that increasing the ratio of flow head to weir length leads to a higher proportion of overflow relative to the total discharge. While total discharge increases with upstream head, this does not necessarily correspond to an increase in the Cd, as higher heads and greater flow through the gabion increase energy losses and reduce discharge efficiency. Shorter weir crests allow overflow with minimal seepage into the porous medium, whereas longer crests exhibit reduced through-flow capacity. In heterogeneous weirs, the presence of layers with lower porosity and smaller particle size reduces the effective flow through the structure, resulting in a lower Cd compared to homogeneous weirs. Heterogeneity in porosity distribution creates more complex flow paths and decreases the effective discharge rate.