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<p>Widespread changes in dietary structure have had substantial impacts on water resources worldwide. However, little attention has been paid to water-rich regions with high rates of urbanisation. Here we investigate the spatiotemporal patterns of dietary structure changes in urban and rural areas, associated water footprint (WF), and water footprint self-sufficiency (WFSS) rates for eight major food groups, taking 19 provinces in the Yangtze River Basin (YRB) from 1992 to 2016 as a case study. As a result of the decline in the WF of production for most food units, the per capita dietary WF of the YRB declined by 18% over the study period. The food consumption WF for urban residents was 1.36 times higher than that of rural residents. The WFSS rate of vegetable oil decreased from 73% to 39%, despite doubled production of oilseed crops in the basin. Adjusting to the dietary structure recommended by the Dietary Guidelines for Chinese Residents could save up to 35% in water consumption associated with food consumption (Scenario S2, saving 166 Gm<sup>3</sup>). This study provides feasible scenarios for sustainable management of water resources in water-rich areas and areas with high urbanisation rates.</p>

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Rural and Urban Dietary Water Footprints and Self-Sufficiencies in a Water-Abundant and Populous Region

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月20日

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  • Chenjian Yan,
  • Meng Li,
  • Dong Wang,
  • La Zhuo

摘要

Widespread changes in dietary structure have had substantial impacts on water resources worldwide. However, little attention has been paid to water-rich regions with high rates of urbanisation. Here we investigate the spatiotemporal patterns of dietary structure changes in urban and rural areas, associated water footprint (WF), and water footprint self-sufficiency (WFSS) rates for eight major food groups, taking 19 provinces in the Yangtze River Basin (YRB) from 1992 to 2016 as a case study. As a result of the decline in the WF of production for most food units, the per capita dietary WF of the YRB declined by 18% over the study period. The food consumption WF for urban residents was 1.36 times higher than that of rural residents. The WFSS rate of vegetable oil decreased from 73% to 39%, despite doubled production of oilseed crops in the basin. Adjusting to the dietary structure recommended by the Dietary Guidelines for Chinese Residents could save up to 35% in water consumption associated with food consumption (Scenario S2, saving 166 Gm3). This study provides feasible scenarios for sustainable management of water resources in water-rich areas and areas with high urbanisation rates.