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<p>This study analyzes long-term changes in minimal streamflow in the Zhaiyk-Caspian Water Management Basin (WMB), Western Kazakhstan, under climate variability. Using extensive hydrometeorological datasets (monthly discharge and daily meteorological records) from 1940 to 2021, the research assesses trends in low-flow characteristics across 18 hydrological posts. The analysis distinguishes two climatic periods: climate stabilization (pre-1973) and climate change (1974–2021). The methodology integrates hydrological and statistical analyses, including minimal monthly discharges, low-flow durations, soil freezing depths, and thaw frequencies. Findings reveal a widespread increase in winter low flows—up to 5.2 times—due to reduced frost depths and more frequent thaw events, enhancing groundwater contributions. Conversely, summer-autumn flows declined in several rivers, with drying trends linked to rising air temperatures and precipitation deficits. This study offers a novel, regionally adapted methodology for characterizing minimal streamflow under climate change, providing critical insights for hydrological drought assessment and water resource planning in arid and semi-arid environments.</p>

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Reaction of Minimal Streamflow to Natural Factors in the Context of Climate Uncertainty

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年5月26日

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  • Lyazzat Birimbayeva,
  • Lyazzat Makhmudova,
  • Sayat Alimkulov,
  • Aisulu Tursunova,
  • Dimitris Tigkas,
  • Nurlan Abayev,
  • Aigerim Dostayeva,
  • Zhomart Birimbayev,
  • Oirat Alzhanov,
  • María-Elena Rodrigo-Clavero,
  • Javier Rodrigo-Ilarri

摘要

This study analyzes long-term changes in minimal streamflow in the Zhaiyk-Caspian Water Management Basin (WMB), Western Kazakhstan, under climate variability. Using extensive hydrometeorological datasets (monthly discharge and daily meteorological records) from 1940 to 2021, the research assesses trends in low-flow characteristics across 18 hydrological posts. The analysis distinguishes two climatic periods: climate stabilization (pre-1973) and climate change (1974–2021). The methodology integrates hydrological and statistical analyses, including minimal monthly discharges, low-flow durations, soil freezing depths, and thaw frequencies. Findings reveal a widespread increase in winter low flows—up to 5.2 times—due to reduced frost depths and more frequent thaw events, enhancing groundwater contributions. Conversely, summer-autumn flows declined in several rivers, with drying trends linked to rising air temperatures and precipitation deficits. This study offers a novel, regionally adapted methodology for characterizing minimal streamflow under climate change, providing critical insights for hydrological drought assessment and water resource planning in arid and semi-arid environments.