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<p>In India, the majority of mumps virus (MuV) cases are underreported, and a significant proportion of cases do not exhibit classic symptoms, such as swelling of the parotid glands. Although MuV infection is a vaccine-preventable illness, the genomic characterisation of currently circulating strains in various parts of the country is essential to understand the molecular epidemiology and vaccine coverage. The present study was designed to identify the genotypes and genetic variations within the small hydrophobic (SH) gene of MuV circulating in Kerala, India, from October 2024 to February 2025. Viral RNA was extracted from saliva and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples of individuals suspected of viral meningitis or encephalitis. These samples were tested using the TaqMan real-time PCR assay, while blood samples were analysed for IgM antibodies. A total of 45 cases were confirmed as mumps positive. Most of the laboratory-confirmed cases were children aged 3 to 7&#xa0;years. Among the PCR and PCR/IgM-positive cases, 26 samples were successfully genotyped and deposited in GenBank (accession numbers PV483811–PV483836). Analysis of the SH gene from 26 MuV samples revealed that all were of genotype C, confirming it as the circulating strain. This is the first molecular epidemiological study of MuV in the region. Notable SH gene variations and amino acid differences from vaccine strains were observed. The VIS motif at positions 28–30 was conserved among the sequences. Significant variation at position 44 included substitutions H ↔ Y (+ 1), H ↔ S (–2), and Y ↔ S (–3), which may contribute to MuV pathogenesis.</p>

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Genetic analysis of the SH gene of mumps virus genotype C in Kerala during 2024–25

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月10日

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  • Rajendra Kumar,
  • Minju Sara Simon,
  • B. Aneesh,
  • P. S. Chippy,
  • Arun V. Jose,
  • Amogh Auti,
  • D. J. Hima,
  • S. Aswathyraj,
  • E. Sreekumar

摘要

In India, the majority of mumps virus (MuV) cases are underreported, and a significant proportion of cases do not exhibit classic symptoms, such as swelling of the parotid glands. Although MuV infection is a vaccine-preventable illness, the genomic characterisation of currently circulating strains in various parts of the country is essential to understand the molecular epidemiology and vaccine coverage. The present study was designed to identify the genotypes and genetic variations within the small hydrophobic (SH) gene of MuV circulating in Kerala, India, from October 2024 to February 2025. Viral RNA was extracted from saliva and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples of individuals suspected of viral meningitis or encephalitis. These samples were tested using the TaqMan real-time PCR assay, while blood samples were analysed for IgM antibodies. A total of 45 cases were confirmed as mumps positive. Most of the laboratory-confirmed cases were children aged 3 to 7 years. Among the PCR and PCR/IgM-positive cases, 26 samples were successfully genotyped and deposited in GenBank (accession numbers PV483811–PV483836). Analysis of the SH gene from 26 MuV samples revealed that all were of genotype C, confirming it as the circulating strain. This is the first molecular epidemiological study of MuV in the region. Notable SH gene variations and amino acid differences from vaccine strains were observed. The VIS motif at positions 28–30 was conserved among the sequences. Significant variation at position 44 included substitutions H ↔ Y (+ 1), H ↔ S (–2), and Y ↔ S (–3), which may contribute to MuV pathogenesis.