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<p>Cryopreservation plays an essential role in artificial insemination programs and germplasm banking; however, it exposes the sperm cell to oxidative stress, leading to lipid peroxidation with a decline in sperm fertilizing capacity. The current study examined the effects of supplementing Zaraibi goats’ semen extender with spirulina nanoparticles (SNPs) on post-thaw semen quality. Four fertile bucks’ ejaculates were collected, pooled, and diluted using tris–egg yolk extender supplemented with 0, 10, 25, or 50&#xa0;µg/mL of SNPs. After being cooled down gradually, equilibrated, and frozen in liquid nitrogen, the samples were assessed for CASA-based motility, plasma membrane and acrosomal integrity, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde; MDA), and DNA integrity (comet assay). Supplementation with 25&#xa0;µg/mL SNPs significantly improved total and progressive motility, plasma membrane integrity, and TAC, while reducing MDA concentration and DNA fragmentation compared to the control group (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). Higher SNP concentrations (50&#xa0;µg/mL) provided no added benefit and slightly decreased acrosomal integrity compared to the control and 25&#xa0;µg/mL SNPs. These results indicate that nano-spirulina, especially at a concentration of 25&#xa0;µg/mL, improves antioxidant defense and preserves sperm quality during goat semen cryopreservation, demonstrating its potential as a natural antioxidant additive in cryo-extender.</p>

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Effect of nano-spirulina (Spirulina platensis) supplementation to tris egg yolk extender on CASA motility and functional quality of cryopreserved Zaraibi goat sperm

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月22日

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  • Ayat Abd-Elmaksoud Elshamy,
  • Ahmed Monir,
  • Dina G. S. Youssef,
  • Seham Samir Soliman,
  • Heba Fawzy Hozyen

摘要

Cryopreservation plays an essential role in artificial insemination programs and germplasm banking; however, it exposes the sperm cell to oxidative stress, leading to lipid peroxidation with a decline in sperm fertilizing capacity. The current study examined the effects of supplementing Zaraibi goats’ semen extender with spirulina nanoparticles (SNPs) on post-thaw semen quality. Four fertile bucks’ ejaculates were collected, pooled, and diluted using tris–egg yolk extender supplemented with 0, 10, 25, or 50 µg/mL of SNPs. After being cooled down gradually, equilibrated, and frozen in liquid nitrogen, the samples were assessed for CASA-based motility, plasma membrane and acrosomal integrity, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde; MDA), and DNA integrity (comet assay). Supplementation with 25 µg/mL SNPs significantly improved total and progressive motility, plasma membrane integrity, and TAC, while reducing MDA concentration and DNA fragmentation compared to the control group (P < 0.05). Higher SNP concentrations (50 µg/mL) provided no added benefit and slightly decreased acrosomal integrity compared to the control and 25 µg/mL SNPs. These results indicate that nano-spirulina, especially at a concentration of 25 µg/mL, improves antioxidant defense and preserves sperm quality during goat semen cryopreservation, demonstrating its potential as a natural antioxidant additive in cryo-extender.