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<p>Sustainable feed additives are crucial for enhancing fish health and productivity in aquaculture. This study evaluated the effects of fermented corn cob (FCC, <i>Zea mays</i> L.) supplementation on growth performance, immune response, and immune-antioxidant gene expression in koi carp (<i>Cyprinus carpio</i> var. <i>koi</i>) cultured in biofloc systems. A total of 300 healthy fish (initial weight: 40.08 ± 0.11&#xa0;g) were randomly assigned to five dietary treatments: 0&#xa0;g/kg (FCC-0), 5&#xa0;g/kg (FCC-5), 10&#xa0;g/kg (FCC-10), 20&#xa0;g/kg (FCC-20), and 30&#xa0;g/kg (FCC-30), with three replicates per group over 60&#xa0;days. FCC supplementation significantly improved growth performance and feed efficiency, with the FCC-10 group showing the best results. Regression model analysis identified 17&#xa0;g/kg as the optimal FCC level, maximizing final weight (FW), specific growth rate (SGR), and feed conversion ratio (FCR). FCC inclusion also enhanced immune responses, reflected by increased lysozyme and superoxide dismutase activities and upregulated immune-antioxidant gene expression (<i>tnf-α, il-10</i>, and <i>gpx1</i>). Pearson correlation analysis showed strong positive associations between growth metrics (<i>r</i> &gt; <i>0.79, p</i> ≤ <i>0.05</i>) and significant correlations among antioxidant enzymes (<i>gpx1, gst</i>, and <i>cat</i>; <i>r</i> &gt; <i>0.41, p</i> ≤ <i>0.05</i>). Additionally, <i>sod</i> expression positively correlated with immune markers <i>tnf-α</i> (<i>r</i> = <i>0.54, p</i> ≤ <i>0.05</i>) and <i>il-8</i> (<i>r</i> = <i>0.51, p</i> ≤ <i>0.05</i>), highlighting the relationship between oxidative stress and immune responses. Taken together, FCC shows strong potential as a sustainable feed additive to improve growth, immunity, and antioxidant defense in koi aquaculture.</p>

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Effect of fermented corn cob (Zea mays L.) on growth performance, immunological response, and expression of immune-antioxidant genes in koi carp (Cyprinus carpio var. koi) reared in a low water exchange rearing system

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月16日

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  • Nguyen Vu Linh,
  • Luu Tang Phuc Khang,
  • Nguyen Dinh-Hung,
  • Suwanna Wisetkaeo,
  • Supreya Wannavijit,
  • Yuthana Phimolsiripol,
  • Phisit Seesuriyachan,
  • Papungkorn Sangsawad,
  • Patima Permpoonpattana,
  • Hien Van Doan

摘要

Sustainable feed additives are crucial for enhancing fish health and productivity in aquaculture. This study evaluated the effects of fermented corn cob (FCC, Zea mays L.) supplementation on growth performance, immune response, and immune-antioxidant gene expression in koi carp (Cyprinus carpio var. koi) cultured in biofloc systems. A total of 300 healthy fish (initial weight: 40.08 ± 0.11 g) were randomly assigned to five dietary treatments: 0 g/kg (FCC-0), 5 g/kg (FCC-5), 10 g/kg (FCC-10), 20 g/kg (FCC-20), and 30 g/kg (FCC-30), with three replicates per group over 60 days. FCC supplementation significantly improved growth performance and feed efficiency, with the FCC-10 group showing the best results. Regression model analysis identified 17 g/kg as the optimal FCC level, maximizing final weight (FW), specific growth rate (SGR), and feed conversion ratio (FCR). FCC inclusion also enhanced immune responses, reflected by increased lysozyme and superoxide dismutase activities and upregulated immune-antioxidant gene expression (tnf-α, il-10, and gpx1). Pearson correlation analysis showed strong positive associations between growth metrics (r > 0.79, p ≤ 0.05) and significant correlations among antioxidant enzymes (gpx1, gst, and cat; r > 0.41, p ≤ 0.05). Additionally, sod expression positively correlated with immune markers tnf-α (r = 0.54, p ≤ 0.05) and il-8 (r = 0.51, p ≤ 0.05), highlighting the relationship between oxidative stress and immune responses. Taken together, FCC shows strong potential as a sustainable feed additive to improve growth, immunity, and antioxidant defense in koi aquaculture.