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<p><i>Salvia miltiorrhiza</i> is widely cultivated in China for its high ornamental and medicinal values. In recent years, owing to global climate change and overharvesting, the wild <i>S. miltiorrhiza</i> population has declined sharply. Its frequent substitutes, <i>S. bowleyana</i> and <i>S. paramiltiorrhiza</i>, are simultaneously facing population declines. Currently suitable habitats for these three species remain to be clarified, as they are influenced by climate change and the distribution of their only effective pollinator, <i>Bombus trifasciatus</i>. In the present study, we employed the MaxEnt model to simulate and predict current and future (2050s and 2070s) distributions of these three <i>Salvia</i> species and their pollinators. The primary environmental variables influencing the distributions of <i>S. miltiorrhiza</i>, <i>S. bowleyana</i>, and <i>S. paramiltiorrhiza</i> are minimum temperature of the coldest month, precipitation of driest quarter, and mean temperature of wettest quarter, respectively. Under future climate scenarios, predicted suitable areas for these three <i>Salvia</i> species reveal an expanding trend with centroids shifting northward, while suitable habitat for <i>B. trifasciatus</i> exhibits a shrinking trend. The respective proportions of habitat for the three <i>Salvia</i> species that currently codistribute with <i>B. trifasciatus</i> are 52.67%, 86.21%, and 52.48%. These proportions decline to 10.90%, 25.03%, and 15.24% under the SSP5-8.5 scenario by the 2070s. This study suggests that suitable areas for the three <i>Salvia</i> species are jointly impacted by climate change and loss or reduction of pollinator access, providing a preliminary theoretical reference for their conservation and cultivation.</p>

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Influence of climate change on suitable areas for three Salvia species and their pollinators

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月1日

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  • Feng-Shi Zhang,
  • Han-Wen Xiao,
  • Ru-Nan Tian

摘要

Salvia miltiorrhiza is widely cultivated in China for its high ornamental and medicinal values. In recent years, owing to global climate change and overharvesting, the wild S. miltiorrhiza population has declined sharply. Its frequent substitutes, S. bowleyana and S. paramiltiorrhiza, are simultaneously facing population declines. Currently suitable habitats for these three species remain to be clarified, as they are influenced by climate change and the distribution of their only effective pollinator, Bombus trifasciatus. In the present study, we employed the MaxEnt model to simulate and predict current and future (2050s and 2070s) distributions of these three Salvia species and their pollinators. The primary environmental variables influencing the distributions of S. miltiorrhiza, S. bowleyana, and S. paramiltiorrhiza are minimum temperature of the coldest month, precipitation of driest quarter, and mean temperature of wettest quarter, respectively. Under future climate scenarios, predicted suitable areas for these three Salvia species reveal an expanding trend with centroids shifting northward, while suitable habitat for B. trifasciatus exhibits a shrinking trend. The respective proportions of habitat for the three Salvia species that currently codistribute with B. trifasciatus are 52.67%, 86.21%, and 52.48%. These proportions decline to 10.90%, 25.03%, and 15.24% under the SSP5-8.5 scenario by the 2070s. This study suggests that suitable areas for the three Salvia species are jointly impacted by climate change and loss or reduction of pollinator access, providing a preliminary theoretical reference for their conservation and cultivation.