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<p>The increase in forest wood biomass is an important carbon sink in the biogeochemical carbon cycle. The effect of forest succession on carbon sequestration is essential for predicting the impact of future global warming. However, there are limited studies considering the temporal changes of net primary production (NPP) with secondary succession in cool-temperate forests based on long-term data. Therefore, we monitored changes in forest structures over 23&#xa0;years in a cool-temperate secondary forest (Takayama Forest), which is dominated by <i>Quercus crispula</i>, <i>Betula ermanii,</i> and <i>B. platyphylla</i> var. <i>japonica,</i> to determine how individual stem growth and wood NPP changes with succession and thereby affect biomass accumulation. For <i>Q. crispula</i> and <i>B. ermanii</i>, the population size reduction (71% and 66% of the initial number, respectively) exhibited density-dependent mortality in the self-thinning process. Conversely, <i>B. platyphylla</i> var. <i>japonica</i> decreased from 125 to 51 stems ha<sup>−1</sup>, or a reduced to 41%, due to interspecific competition and/or short longevity of the species. The individual stem growth of the smaller shaded trees was suppressed, and the mean individual biomass did not increase notably with decreasing density compared to that of <i>Q. crispula</i> and <i>B. ermanii</i>. The aboveground wood NPP for this forest averaged 2.44&#xa0;Mg ha<sup>−1</sup>&#xa0;year<sup>−1</sup> over 23&#xa0;years and exhibited no significant temporal trend. The increased mean individual stem growth of <i>Q. crispula</i> and <i>B. ermanii</i> with decreasing density compensated for the total wood NPP. As a result, the aboveground biomass of the forest increased by 21% over 23&#xa0;years from 132.4 to 160.2&#xa0;Mg ha<sup>−1</sup>, and the rate of biomass accumulation increased with decreasing mortality. It is unlikely that the wood NPP of these pioneer secondary forests will decrease with forest development after canopy closure because the individual stem growth of the long-lived pioneers, such as <i>Q. crispula</i> and <i>B. ermanii,</i> is maintained for extended durations.</p>

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Changes in stand biomass accumulation and wood NPP during secondary succession: insights from a 23-year study of forest dynamics in a cool-temperate secondary deciduous forest

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月5日

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  • Toshiyuki Ohtsuka,
  • Shinpei Yoshitake,
  • Yuichiro Yashiro,
  • Yoko Shizu,
  • Yasuo Iimura,
  • Nada Yimatsa,
  • Miyuki Kondo,
  • Minaco Adachi,
  • Siyu Chen,
  • Ruoming Cao,
  • Vilanee Suchewaboripont,
  • Mitsuru Hirota,
  • Ayaka W. Kishimoto-Mo,
  • Motoko Inatomi,
  • Hiroshi Koizumi

摘要

The increase in forest wood biomass is an important carbon sink in the biogeochemical carbon cycle. The effect of forest succession on carbon sequestration is essential for predicting the impact of future global warming. However, there are limited studies considering the temporal changes of net primary production (NPP) with secondary succession in cool-temperate forests based on long-term data. Therefore, we monitored changes in forest structures over 23 years in a cool-temperate secondary forest (Takayama Forest), which is dominated by Quercus crispula, Betula ermanii, and B. platyphylla var. japonica, to determine how individual stem growth and wood NPP changes with succession and thereby affect biomass accumulation. For Q. crispula and B. ermanii, the population size reduction (71% and 66% of the initial number, respectively) exhibited density-dependent mortality in the self-thinning process. Conversely, B. platyphylla var. japonica decreased from 125 to 51 stems ha−1, or a reduced to 41%, due to interspecific competition and/or short longevity of the species. The individual stem growth of the smaller shaded trees was suppressed, and the mean individual biomass did not increase notably with decreasing density compared to that of Q. crispula and B. ermanii. The aboveground wood NPP for this forest averaged 2.44 Mg ha−1 year−1 over 23 years and exhibited no significant temporal trend. The increased mean individual stem growth of Q. crispula and B. ermanii with decreasing density compensated for the total wood NPP. As a result, the aboveground biomass of the forest increased by 21% over 23 years from 132.4 to 160.2 Mg ha−1, and the rate of biomass accumulation increased with decreasing mortality. It is unlikely that the wood NPP of these pioneer secondary forests will decrease with forest development after canopy closure because the individual stem growth of the long-lived pioneers, such as Q. crispula and B. ermanii, is maintained for extended durations.