<p>Mediterranean- type ecosystems (MTEs) are known to be fire-prone and to harbor many fire-adapted plant species. However, even if many Mediterranean plants can regenerate after fire, the presence of herbivores may have strong impacts on vegetation recovery. Despite this evidence, a complete picture of the current knowledge on the impacts of herbivores on post-fire dynamics in MTEs and their potential applications in post-fire management is not available. Here we conducted a literature review about the effects of large mammalian herbivores and lagomorphs on post-fire plant regeneration in MTEs. The existing literature shows that herbivores often affect the vegetation recovery in recently burned areas by feeding on seeds, seedlings, and resprouts, delaying plant growth, and even causing local extinction of the most targeted plant species, but also indirectly benefiting other species through competition release. These effects of herbivores on post-fire plant regeneration vary with herbivore species, foraging behavior and their population density, together with fire severity. While in some cases herbivore management is challenging due to their negative effects on post-fire vegetation regeneration, especially for trees, herbivory can act as an effective post-fire management tool, such as promoting native grasses, slowing shrubland recovery and controlling invasive species. Our review shows that the current knowledge on the effects of large mammalian herbivores and lagomorphs on post-fire plant communities in MTEs is still very limited, and highlights challenges and opportunities for the use of herbivores in recently burned areas.</p>