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<p>Anthropogenic land use significantly influences species differentiation and biodiversity patterns. Understanding plant adaptation strategies across different land use types is essential for predicting species distribution. In this study, we investigated three <i>Digitaria</i> species that have adapted to distinct rural land use types: <i>D. ciliaris</i> in cultivated fields, <i>D. violascens</i> in grasslands, and <i>D. radicosa</i> in rural settlements. Despite seed dispersal between these different land use types, the species-specific distribution patterns imply strong selective pressure from each habitat type. We compared three distinctive adaptations under controlled conditions using seeds collected from plants grown under standardized chamber conditions to isolate adaptations from acclimation responses. Each species exhibited adaptive traits matching its preferred habitat: <i>D. ciliaris</i> inhabits nutrient-rich cultivated land, where it forms dense populations despite intense competition. To elucidate how <i>D. ciliaris</i> has adapted to such competitive environments, we compared its competitive ability with the two other species. <i>D. ciliaris</i> demonstrated superior competitive ability, implying its successful adaptation to competitive agricultural environments. <i>D. violascens</i> has a long specific root length and high nitrogen uptake capacity, suited for an environment with a patchy soil nutrient distribution in grasslands. Finally, <i>D. radicosa</i> has numerous small stomata, adapted to the shady environment of settlements. Our findings imply that even closely related species within the same genus have evolved divergent adaptive strategies in response to differing habitat conditions. These interspecific differences highlight the traits that may drive species adaptation to different land uses, aiding biodiversity prediction and management.</p>

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Above- and belowground adaptations of three Digitaria species inhabiting different land use types in rural areas

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年3月29日

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  • Miki U. Ueda,
  • Aoi Endo,
  • Risa Ochiai,
  • Miyu Hongo,
  • Ami Kaito,
  • Hinako Okada,
  • Motoaki Asai

摘要

Anthropogenic land use significantly influences species differentiation and biodiversity patterns. Understanding plant adaptation strategies across different land use types is essential for predicting species distribution. In this study, we investigated three Digitaria species that have adapted to distinct rural land use types: D. ciliaris in cultivated fields, D. violascens in grasslands, and D. radicosa in rural settlements. Despite seed dispersal between these different land use types, the species-specific distribution patterns imply strong selective pressure from each habitat type. We compared three distinctive adaptations under controlled conditions using seeds collected from plants grown under standardized chamber conditions to isolate adaptations from acclimation responses. Each species exhibited adaptive traits matching its preferred habitat: D. ciliaris inhabits nutrient-rich cultivated land, where it forms dense populations despite intense competition. To elucidate how D. ciliaris has adapted to such competitive environments, we compared its competitive ability with the two other species. D. ciliaris demonstrated superior competitive ability, implying its successful adaptation to competitive agricultural environments. D. violascens has a long specific root length and high nitrogen uptake capacity, suited for an environment with a patchy soil nutrient distribution in grasslands. Finally, D. radicosa has numerous small stomata, adapted to the shady environment of settlements. Our findings imply that even closely related species within the same genus have evolved divergent adaptive strategies in response to differing habitat conditions. These interspecific differences highlight the traits that may drive species adaptation to different land uses, aiding biodiversity prediction and management.