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Background <p>This study analyzed global, regional, and national trends in the burden of Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM)-related chronic kidney disease (CKD) from 1990 to 2021, stratified by sociodemographic development level.</p> Methods <p>Data on T1DM-related CKD incidence, prevalence, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), and mortality were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease, Injury, and Risk Factor Study (GBD) 2021 system. Joinpoint regression analysis, health inequalities, frontier analysis, decomposition analysis, age-period-cohort modeling, and Bayesian age-period-cohort (BAPC) modeling were applied to assess disease burden trends and their associations with the sociodemographic index (SDI).</p> Results <p>From 1990 to 2021, the incidence and prevalence of T1DM-related CKD increased, mortality changed little, and DALYs declined. The burden was consistently higher in men than in women. Age-standardized mortality rates (ASMR) and age-standardized DALYs rates (ASDR) were highest in middle SDI countries. Across SDI levels, absolute inequality increased whereas relative inequality decreased. Frontier analysis indicated widening effective disparities with sociodemographic development. Population aging was a major driver of the rising burden. BAPC projections suggested a future decline in both mortality and DALYs.</p> Conclusion <p>The global burden of T1DM-related CKD increased between 1990 and 2021, with men disproportionately affected. Absolute inequality across regions rose, while relative inequality decreased. Disparities became more pronounced with higher sociodemographic development. Projections indicate that mortality and DALYs may decline by 2050.</p>

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The Global, regional, and national burden of type 1 diabetes mellitus-related chronic kidney disease, 1990–2021: Insights from the global burden of disease study 2021 and projections to 2050

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月25日

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  • Yeye Yu,
  • Haoying Sun,
  • Chuanchuan Sun,
  • Shiping Zhu,
  • Fanna Liu,
  • Xin Shi,
  • Mingjun Ye,
  • Xia Ma,
  • Xinhai Zhao,
  • Shaodong Luan,
  • Weilong Li,
  • Yanmei Li,
  • Peishan Chen,
  • Hanchao Gao,
  • Shengyun Sun

摘要

Background

This study analyzed global, regional, and national trends in the burden of Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM)-related chronic kidney disease (CKD) from 1990 to 2021, stratified by sociodemographic development level.

Methods

Data on T1DM-related CKD incidence, prevalence, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), and mortality were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease, Injury, and Risk Factor Study (GBD) 2021 system. Joinpoint regression analysis, health inequalities, frontier analysis, decomposition analysis, age-period-cohort modeling, and Bayesian age-period-cohort (BAPC) modeling were applied to assess disease burden trends and their associations with the sociodemographic index (SDI).

Results

From 1990 to 2021, the incidence and prevalence of T1DM-related CKD increased, mortality changed little, and DALYs declined. The burden was consistently higher in men than in women. Age-standardized mortality rates (ASMR) and age-standardized DALYs rates (ASDR) were highest in middle SDI countries. Across SDI levels, absolute inequality increased whereas relative inequality decreased. Frontier analysis indicated widening effective disparities with sociodemographic development. Population aging was a major driver of the rising burden. BAPC projections suggested a future decline in both mortality and DALYs.

Conclusion

The global burden of T1DM-related CKD increased between 1990 and 2021, with men disproportionately affected. Absolute inequality across regions rose, while relative inequality decreased. Disparities became more pronounced with higher sociodemographic development. Projections indicate that mortality and DALYs may decline by 2050.