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<p>As a core component of urban green infrastructure, green roofs play a crucial role in mitigating urban heat island effects, managing stormwater runoff and conserving biodiversity. However, substrates in green roofs are generally shallow, nutrient-poor, and subject to severe water stress, which significantly limits plant growth and the delivery of ecosystem functions. Soil microbes, especially arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), play key roles in promoting plant growth, enhancing plant stress resistance, and improving substrate quality. This paper systematically reviews the research progress on microbial inoculation in green roofs, focusing on (1) the main types and mechanisms of AMF and PGPR, (2) the regulatory effects of environmental factors such as vegetation type, substrate characteristics, and roof age on plant-microbe interactions, and (3) the enhancement effects of microbial inoculation on plant growth, stormwater management, heat island mitigation, biodiversity conservation and biological carbon sequestration. Studies indicate that AMF significantly improve plant drought tolerance and nutrient uptake efficiency by expanding root absorption ranges and improving the rhizosphere environment; PGPR promote plant growth and stress resistance through multiple mechanisms including phytohormone production, nitrogen fixation, phosphate solubilization, and ACC deaminase activity. And the combined inoculation of appropriate AMF and PGPR can produce synergistic effects. However, the current research is confronted with challenges such as unstable inoculation effects, unclear long-term effects, inconsistent methodology, insufficient mechanistic understanding and absence of cost-benefit analyses. These efforts will facilitate the transformation of microbial inoculation technology from laboratory research to large-scale engineering applications, providing theoretical support and technical pathways for constructing resilient and self-sustaining green roof ecosystems.</p>

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Microbial inoculation in green roofs: progress, challenges and ecological regulation strategies

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月18日

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  • Nan Yang,
  • Hechen Li,
  • Yihan Wang,
  • Pingrui Jiang,
  • Shaobo Gao,
  • Hongyuan Li,
  • Rui Hua,
  • Xinjian Shi,
  • Guang Hao

摘要

As a core component of urban green infrastructure, green roofs play a crucial role in mitigating urban heat island effects, managing stormwater runoff and conserving biodiversity. However, substrates in green roofs are generally shallow, nutrient-poor, and subject to severe water stress, which significantly limits plant growth and the delivery of ecosystem functions. Soil microbes, especially arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), play key roles in promoting plant growth, enhancing plant stress resistance, and improving substrate quality. This paper systematically reviews the research progress on microbial inoculation in green roofs, focusing on (1) the main types and mechanisms of AMF and PGPR, (2) the regulatory effects of environmental factors such as vegetation type, substrate characteristics, and roof age on plant-microbe interactions, and (3) the enhancement effects of microbial inoculation on plant growth, stormwater management, heat island mitigation, biodiversity conservation and biological carbon sequestration. Studies indicate that AMF significantly improve plant drought tolerance and nutrient uptake efficiency by expanding root absorption ranges and improving the rhizosphere environment; PGPR promote plant growth and stress resistance through multiple mechanisms including phytohormone production, nitrogen fixation, phosphate solubilization, and ACC deaminase activity. And the combined inoculation of appropriate AMF and PGPR can produce synergistic effects. However, the current research is confronted with challenges such as unstable inoculation effects, unclear long-term effects, inconsistent methodology, insufficient mechanistic understanding and absence of cost-benefit analyses. These efforts will facilitate the transformation of microbial inoculation technology from laboratory research to large-scale engineering applications, providing theoretical support and technical pathways for constructing resilient and self-sustaining green roof ecosystems.