Bird breeding behaviors provide opportunities to examine trade-offs of human-wildlife relationships in urban areas
摘要
Urbanization impacts biodiversity in diverse ways. Navigating the positive and negative relationships between people and other organisms in urban places is a challenge for urban planners, public administrators, environmental educators, and conservation biologists, among others. Despite progress, communities still face many challenges when trying to resolve such conflicts. For instance, species that are appreciated in some contexts are harassed by people due to the annoyances they cause, creating ambivalent management situations. Here, we argue that managers and conservationists can make progress by focusing on low-impact conflicts, the interactions that pose little risk to well-being and infrastructure but that cause frustration and annoyance for humans. We use examples of bird breeding behaviors, especially nest building, as examples of low-impact conflicts that can be used by urban ecologists and conservationists to promote the coexistence of animals and people by changing people’s perceptions. For example, instead of seeing nests as sources of dirt, noise, and possible attacks, people can be encouraged to perceive nesting birds more positively by forming bonds with them and their nestlings. This perceptual shift can enable the establishment of rapprochement between people and animals. In this context, citizen science emerges as a particularly useful tool because, in addition to providing the desired positive human-wildlife connection, it can also transform conflict situations into experiences of wonder, learning, and appreciation. We hope that our ideas provide another component in the global discussion about how to shift human-wildlife interactions from conflict to coexistence.