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<p>Urban biodiversity is vital for ecological resilience and human well-being. Studies indicate that perceived biodiversity predicts human well-being more effectively than scientifically monitored biodiversity. However, the relationship between the measured and perceived biodiversity remains complex and inconsistent, highlighting the need for deeper exploration of this discrepancy.</p><p>This study investigates public perceptions of bird biodiversity in Haizhu National Wetland Park, the publicly accessible part of the Haizhu Wetlands Ramsar Site in Guangzhou, China. We conducted semi-structured interviews with 101 visitors, including participatory mapping with 46, following their independent park visits. Perceptions were compared with bird records derived from formal surveys, citizen science contributions, and researcher observations spanning from single visits to a decade of monitoring.</p><p>Results reveal gaps between perceived and monitored biodiversity. Some bird-rich zones were overlooked, while others with similar monitored richness and abundance were perceived as significantly more biodiversity-supportive. Perceived richness aligned with short-term records, such as single-visit or one-month data, but failed to capture broader diversity evident in long-term monitoring. We interpret these mismatches as arising from perceptual salience, shaped by species visibility, momentary experience, and spatial cues. Species not seen were rarely included in estimates, and perceptions corresponded with monitored data only for easily visible species. Although spatial cues such as signage at times amplified local biodiversity perception, they failed to convey the site’s overall ecological richness.</p><p>These insights contribute to the integration of socially grounded perception metrics into urban biodiversity monitoring frameworks, enabling indicators that are both scientifically sound and socially meaningful.</p>

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What we see is not all there is: Toward perception-based indicators of bird biodiversity

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月24日

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  • Xuezhu Zhai,
  • Eckart Lange,
  • Ross W Cameron

摘要

Urban biodiversity is vital for ecological resilience and human well-being. Studies indicate that perceived biodiversity predicts human well-being more effectively than scientifically monitored biodiversity. However, the relationship between the measured and perceived biodiversity remains complex and inconsistent, highlighting the need for deeper exploration of this discrepancy.

This study investigates public perceptions of bird biodiversity in Haizhu National Wetland Park, the publicly accessible part of the Haizhu Wetlands Ramsar Site in Guangzhou, China. We conducted semi-structured interviews with 101 visitors, including participatory mapping with 46, following their independent park visits. Perceptions were compared with bird records derived from formal surveys, citizen science contributions, and researcher observations spanning from single visits to a decade of monitoring.

Results reveal gaps between perceived and monitored biodiversity. Some bird-rich zones were overlooked, while others with similar monitored richness and abundance were perceived as significantly more biodiversity-supportive. Perceived richness aligned with short-term records, such as single-visit or one-month data, but failed to capture broader diversity evident in long-term monitoring. We interpret these mismatches as arising from perceptual salience, shaped by species visibility, momentary experience, and spatial cues. Species not seen were rarely included in estimates, and perceptions corresponded with monitored data only for easily visible species. Although spatial cues such as signage at times amplified local biodiversity perception, they failed to convey the site’s overall ecological richness.

These insights contribute to the integration of socially grounded perception metrics into urban biodiversity monitoring frameworks, enabling indicators that are both scientifically sound and socially meaningful.