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<p>Semi-extensive goat production in Mediterranean environments is increasingly exposed to strong seasonal thermal fluctuations that may affect animal health and reproductive performance. This study aimed to assess the effects of summer heat and winter cold on local buck goats through a structured survey of goat farmers combined with seasonal blood biochemical and immunological profiling, reproductive and stress hormone assays, semen quality evaluation, and seminal plasma analysis. Farmers widely identified summer as the most challenging season, mainly due to forage scarcity and reduced animal appetite. Biochemically, most parameters remained stable across seasons; however, calcium, total protein, lactate dehydrogenase, cholesterol, and glucose showed significant seasonal variation, with higher Ca, total protein, and LDH in winter and elevated cholesterol and glucose in summer. Reproductively, luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone were significantly higher in summer, while testosterone and cortisol were unaffected. Semen quality was largely resilient to seasonality, except for a higher ejaculate volume in summer. In contrast, seminal plasma composition was superior in winter, with significantly higher total protein, cholesterol, lipids, fructose, and citric acid. In conclusion, seasonal climatic stress distinctly modulates metabolic and reproductive physiology in buck goats, highlighting the importance of adaptive management strategies in Mediterranean semi-extensive systems.</p>

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Winter–summer contrasts in metabolic, hormonal, and reproductive function of local buck goats in Mediterranean semi-extensive systems

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月20日

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  • Kawtar Dahhou,
  • Salama El Fatehi,
  • Younes Hmimsa,
  • Amr Kchikich,
  • Khouloud Dahhou,
  • Ferdaous Sayfoudine,
  • Oussama Chetaouat,
  • Aicha Kinnidi,
  • Mohamed Lamsiah,
  • Anass Ben Moula

摘要

Semi-extensive goat production in Mediterranean environments is increasingly exposed to strong seasonal thermal fluctuations that may affect animal health and reproductive performance. This study aimed to assess the effects of summer heat and winter cold on local buck goats through a structured survey of goat farmers combined with seasonal blood biochemical and immunological profiling, reproductive and stress hormone assays, semen quality evaluation, and seminal plasma analysis. Farmers widely identified summer as the most challenging season, mainly due to forage scarcity and reduced animal appetite. Biochemically, most parameters remained stable across seasons; however, calcium, total protein, lactate dehydrogenase, cholesterol, and glucose showed significant seasonal variation, with higher Ca, total protein, and LDH in winter and elevated cholesterol and glucose in summer. Reproductively, luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone were significantly higher in summer, while testosterone and cortisol were unaffected. Semen quality was largely resilient to seasonality, except for a higher ejaculate volume in summer. In contrast, seminal plasma composition was superior in winter, with significantly higher total protein, cholesterol, lipids, fructose, and citric acid. In conclusion, seasonal climatic stress distinctly modulates metabolic and reproductive physiology in buck goats, highlighting the importance of adaptive management strategies in Mediterranean semi-extensive systems.