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<p><i>Anaplasma ovis</i> and <i>Anaplasma phagocytophilum</i> are tick-borne pathogens that cause significant economic loss in small ruminants. Despite having larger population of small ruminants, Tanzania has limited information about the presence and distribution of these bacteria and their vectors. This study investigated ticks’ prevalence, control methods, and infection rates of <i>A. ovis</i> and <i>A. phagocytophilum</i> in small ruminants from Eastern Tanzania. Out of 223 animals sampled, 87.6% were infested by ticks, and the prevalence did not vary significantly among sheep (86.9%, <i>n</i> = 53) and goats (90.1%, <i>n</i> = 146). Six tick species were morphologically identified, <i>Rhipicephalus</i> (<i>Boophilus</i>) <i>decoloratus</i> (28.4%) being the most dominant, followed by <i>Amblyomma variegatum</i> (8.9%), <i>Rhipicephalus appendiculatus</i> (18.3%), <i>Rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi</i> (9.2%), <i>Rhipicephalus</i> (<i>Boophilus</i>) <i>microplus</i> (9.1%), and <i>Hyalomma rufipes</i> (8.8%). Approximately 75% of the animal`s owners reported using acaricides to control ticks. About 45.7% of the examined animals were dipped and 29.1% were hand sprayed. A significant proportion (25.1%) of the animals were not subjected to tick control. PCR screening of blood samples revealed that (43.9%, <i>n</i> = 98) of the samples were positive for at least one pathogen. <i>Anaplasma ovis</i> had the highest infection rate (36.2% <i>n</i> = 74), followed <i>by A. phagocytophilum</i> (7.6% <i>n</i> = 17) and their co-infections (3.1% <i>n</i> = 7). Infection rates varied significantly among hosts, location, and the method of tick control. This is the first study to detect <i>A. ovis</i> and A. <i>phagocytophilum</i> in small ruminants in Tanzania; hence, it provides important baseline information on the epidemiology and control of tick-borne diseases in livestock.</p>

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Tick infestation and molecular detection of causative agents of anaplasmosis in small ruminants from eastern Tanzania

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月2日

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  • Isihaka Haji,
  • Martin Simuunza

摘要

Anaplasma ovis and Anaplasma phagocytophilum are tick-borne pathogens that cause significant economic loss in small ruminants. Despite having larger population of small ruminants, Tanzania has limited information about the presence and distribution of these bacteria and their vectors. This study investigated ticks’ prevalence, control methods, and infection rates of A. ovis and A. phagocytophilum in small ruminants from Eastern Tanzania. Out of 223 animals sampled, 87.6% were infested by ticks, and the prevalence did not vary significantly among sheep (86.9%, n = 53) and goats (90.1%, n = 146). Six tick species were morphologically identified, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) decoloratus (28.4%) being the most dominant, followed by Amblyomma variegatum (8.9%), Rhipicephalus appendiculatus (18.3%), Rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi (9.2%), Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (9.1%), and Hyalomma rufipes (8.8%). Approximately 75% of the animal`s owners reported using acaricides to control ticks. About 45.7% of the examined animals were dipped and 29.1% were hand sprayed. A significant proportion (25.1%) of the animals were not subjected to tick control. PCR screening of blood samples revealed that (43.9%, n = 98) of the samples were positive for at least one pathogen. Anaplasma ovis had the highest infection rate (36.2% n = 74), followed by A. phagocytophilum (7.6% n = 17) and their co-infections (3.1% n = 7). Infection rates varied significantly among hosts, location, and the method of tick control. This is the first study to detect A. ovis and A. phagocytophilum in small ruminants in Tanzania; hence, it provides important baseline information on the epidemiology and control of tick-borne diseases in livestock.