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<p>Tropical theileriosis, a lymphoproliferative disease caused by <i>Theileria annulata</i>, remains a major threat to bovine health and productivity, particularly in tropical and subtropical regions. This study aimed to evaluate the comparative therapeutic efficacy of buparvaquone alone and in combination with long-acting oxytetracycline and injectable trace minerals (ITMs) in neonatal calves naturally infected with <i>T. annulata</i>. Forty-three infected crossbred calves aged 7–90 days were enrolled and randomly assigned to four treatment groups. Hematological and biochemical parameters were evaluated pre- and post-treatment (day 0 and day 14) to assess clinical recovery. Among enrolled calves, 30 completed the study. All treatment regimens resulted in significant hematological and metabolic improvements; however, the combination therapy of buparvaquone, oxytetracycline, and ITMs demonstrated the most profound recovery, with marked increases in erythrogram indices (TEC ↑93.0%, Hb ↑98.0%, HCT ↑63.4%) and substantial normalization of hepatic enzymes (ALT ↓62.4%, AST ↓62.8%, LDH ↓48.4%). This group also showed improved immune cell profiles, including monocytes (↑171.4%) and lymphocytes (↑25.3%), indicating enhanced immune reconstitution. The results underscore the potential of integrative therapeutic strategies combining antiprotozoals with antimicrobial and trace minerals support to enhance recovery in neonatal theileriosis. These findings advocate for the inclusion of injectable trace minerals supplementation as an adjunct in the therapeutic management of theileriosis to improve hematologic, hepatic, and immunologic outcomes.</p>

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Injectable trace minerals (Cu, Mn, Se, Zn) as immunometabolic modulators in the treatment of tropical theileriosis in neonatal calves

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月16日

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  • Pradeep K. Ram,
  • Shanker K. Singh,
  • Priyambada Kumari,
  • Mukesh Srivastava,
  • Ashish Srivastava,
  • Gulshan Kumar,
  • Raj Kumar Singh Yadav

摘要

Tropical theileriosis, a lymphoproliferative disease caused by Theileria annulata, remains a major threat to bovine health and productivity, particularly in tropical and subtropical regions. This study aimed to evaluate the comparative therapeutic efficacy of buparvaquone alone and in combination with long-acting oxytetracycline and injectable trace minerals (ITMs) in neonatal calves naturally infected with T. annulata. Forty-three infected crossbred calves aged 7–90 days were enrolled and randomly assigned to four treatment groups. Hematological and biochemical parameters were evaluated pre- and post-treatment (day 0 and day 14) to assess clinical recovery. Among enrolled calves, 30 completed the study. All treatment regimens resulted in significant hematological and metabolic improvements; however, the combination therapy of buparvaquone, oxytetracycline, and ITMs demonstrated the most profound recovery, with marked increases in erythrogram indices (TEC ↑93.0%, Hb ↑98.0%, HCT ↑63.4%) and substantial normalization of hepatic enzymes (ALT ↓62.4%, AST ↓62.8%, LDH ↓48.4%). This group also showed improved immune cell profiles, including monocytes (↑171.4%) and lymphocytes (↑25.3%), indicating enhanced immune reconstitution. The results underscore the potential of integrative therapeutic strategies combining antiprotozoals with antimicrobial and trace minerals support to enhance recovery in neonatal theileriosis. These findings advocate for the inclusion of injectable trace minerals supplementation as an adjunct in the therapeutic management of theileriosis to improve hematologic, hepatic, and immunologic outcomes.