<p>Equine abortions can result from both infectious and non-infectious causes and pose significant economic losses to the global equine industry. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study in Algeria that compiles and analyzes all published data on the etiology—bacterial, viral, parasitic, and mycotic—of abortions in horses and donkeys. The review followed the PRISMA guidelines. Data were extracted from 32 studies reported across 13 articles published between 2012 and 2020. The total sample included an average of 5928 horses and 397 donkeys. Most diagnoses were made using serological and molecular methods. Brucellosis was identified in 0.85% of horses and was absent in donkeys. In horses, the prevalence of Q fever, anaplasmosis, and borreliosis was 9.89%, 22.65%, and 18.3%, respectively. The prevalence of Equine Herpesvirus (EHV) ranged from 2.0% to 90%, while Equine Viral Arteritis (EVA) was detected in 7.46% of cases. Trypanosomiasis, toxoplasmosis, and piroplasmosis were observed in 13.08%, 27.35%, and 17.80% of horses, respectively. Microsporidiosis had a prevalence of 4.34% in horses. Among donkeys, only trypanosomiasis (62.1%) and microsporidiosis (1.61%) were reported. This study offers a comprehensive epidemiological overview of abortive diseases in horses and donkeys in Algeria and serves as a valuable resource for researchers. Further large-scale, robust prevalence studies are needed to better inform risk assessment and the management of both animal and public health threats</p>