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<p>This study introduces a new type of cantilever-probe system that extends atomic force microscopy to high-load, large-contact-area measurements, supporting friction studies from nano to millimeter scales. By using polymer cantilevers with colloidal microspheres, this customizable probe system (8–25&#xa0;N/m cantilever stiffness; 0.08–2.5&#xa0;mm probe radius) allows friction measurements on single-crystal MoS₂ under loads of 0.5–120&#xa0;μN, contact areas of 0.02–10&#xa0;μm<sup>2</sup>, and contact pressures from 2 to 150&#xa0;MPa, bridging nanoscale and microscale observations. Our findings reveal a novel scale effect, where the friction coefficient increases by a factor of 34 with a 30-fold increase in probe radius. This affordable alternative to commercial cantilevers also simplifies calibration and enhances accessibility for tribological studies in nanocomposites, MEMS/NEMS, and biological materials, offering a scalable tool for cross-scale friction research.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Scaling Up AFM Friction Studies: Tailored Probes for Cross-Scale Measurements on Single-Crystal MoS2

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月24日

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  • Tianci Chen,
  • Qingrui Song,
  • Zitong Huang,
  • Kun Liu,
  • Jiaxin Ye

摘要

This study introduces a new type of cantilever-probe system that extends atomic force microscopy to high-load, large-contact-area measurements, supporting friction studies from nano to millimeter scales. By using polymer cantilevers with colloidal microspheres, this customizable probe system (8–25 N/m cantilever stiffness; 0.08–2.5 mm probe radius) allows friction measurements on single-crystal MoS₂ under loads of 0.5–120 μN, contact areas of 0.02–10 μm2, and contact pressures from 2 to 150 MPa, bridging nanoscale and microscale observations. Our findings reveal a novel scale effect, where the friction coefficient increases by a factor of 34 with a 30-fold increase in probe radius. This affordable alternative to commercial cantilevers also simplifies calibration and enhances accessibility for tribological studies in nanocomposites, MEMS/NEMS, and biological materials, offering a scalable tool for cross-scale friction research.

Graphical abstract