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<p>A nitrogen- and sulfur-coordinated graphene oxide hybrid (N@S-fGO) was synthesized via a facile one-pot covalent functionalization of graphene oxide (GO) with thiosemicarbazide through epoxy ring-opening under mild conditions. The incorporation of electron-donating –NH₂ and –C=S groups enhances the surface electron density and provides strong coordination sites for Bi<sup>3+</sup> ions in aqueous media. Structural and chemical features were confirmed by FTIR, XPS, XRD, SEM, and Raman analyses, while UV–visible and fluorescence spectroscopy elucidated the photophysical properties. The N@S-fGO material exhibits a pronounced and selective fluorescence response toward Bi<sup>3+</sup> in mildly acidic conditions (pH 4–6), with negligible interference from competing metal ions. The sensing mechanism is attributed to suppression of photo induced electron transfer (PET) and promotion of intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) upon Bi<sup>3+</sup> coordination. Furthermore, the potential antibacterial activity of N@S-fGO was also confirmed against <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> and <i>Escherichia coli</i> bacteria, with zones of inhibition of 9.3–15.5&#xa0;mm and 15.7–28.2&#xa0;mm, respectively at 20–80&#xa0;μg&#xa0;mL<sup>−1</sup>. These findings demonstrate that N@S-fGO represents a cost-effective, sensitive, and selective fluorescent platform for bismuth detection, offering potential applications in environmental monitoring and antimicrobial applications.</p>

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A Dual-Functional Poly-N@S Enriched Graphene Oxide Platform for Turn-on Fluorescent Detection of Bi3+ and Antimicrobial Applications

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月29日

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  • Abdulrahman Y. Alzharani,
  • P. Ramesh,
  • K. Gilbert Ross Rex,
  • Mohammed A. Bahattab,
  • Moraya Hussain Alqahtani,
  • Issa Mohammed Abaalkheel,
  • Ahmad M. Almater,
  • Ganesh Koyyad

摘要

A nitrogen- and sulfur-coordinated graphene oxide hybrid (N@S-fGO) was synthesized via a facile one-pot covalent functionalization of graphene oxide (GO) with thiosemicarbazide through epoxy ring-opening under mild conditions. The incorporation of electron-donating –NH₂ and –C=S groups enhances the surface electron density and provides strong coordination sites for Bi3+ ions in aqueous media. Structural and chemical features were confirmed by FTIR, XPS, XRD, SEM, and Raman analyses, while UV–visible and fluorescence spectroscopy elucidated the photophysical properties. The N@S-fGO material exhibits a pronounced and selective fluorescence response toward Bi3+ in mildly acidic conditions (pH 4–6), with negligible interference from competing metal ions. The sensing mechanism is attributed to suppression of photo induced electron transfer (PET) and promotion of intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) upon Bi3+ coordination. Furthermore, the potential antibacterial activity of N@S-fGO was also confirmed against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli bacteria, with zones of inhibition of 9.3–15.5 mm and 15.7–28.2 mm, respectively at 20–80 μg mL−1. These findings demonstrate that N@S-fGO represents a cost-effective, sensitive, and selective fluorescent platform for bismuth detection, offering potential applications in environmental monitoring and antimicrobial applications.