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<p>The study synthesises titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs) through a combustion approch for the voltametric detection of noradrenaline (NA). Titanium sulphate and urea, in the presence of water, became a homogeneous phase, and are heated at 750 ℃ to obtain TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs, which are confirmed through various characterisation techniques. The arginine-modified titanium oxide nanoparticle carbon paste electrode (AM-TiO<sub>2</sub>-CPE) is utilised for electrochemical analysis of NA using various voltammetric methods. This modification employs an enhanced electrochemical approach, demonstrating improved reactivity in terms of conductivity, current, rapid transfer of electron-proton, and electroactive sites, during the process of redox. Electrochemical investigation was conducted through a 0.1&#xa0;M phosphate buffer (BS) at 6.7 pH with scan rate (SR) of 0.1&#xa0;V/s by the redox process. The lower concentration analysis achieved a detection limit (DL) of 0.03 µM and 0.01 µM. Electrochemical studies, such as (EIS) Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, (DPV) Differential pulse voltammetry, and (CV) Cyclic voltammetry, are used to assess the electrode behaviour. The fabricated electrode facilitates selectivity, sensitivity, repeatability and reproducibility. The output achieves promising results and ensures a quality strategy of innovation to improve the sensor performance for NA detection in biological and pharmaceutical products.</p>

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Electrochemical Detection of Noradrenaline through TiO2 Poly Arginine Modified Carbon Paste Electrode

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月22日

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  • A. G. Bindu,
  • Ramesh S. Bhat,
  • Gurumurthy Hegde

摘要

The study synthesises titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) through a combustion approch for the voltametric detection of noradrenaline (NA). Titanium sulphate and urea, in the presence of water, became a homogeneous phase, and are heated at 750 ℃ to obtain TiO2 NPs, which are confirmed through various characterisation techniques. The arginine-modified titanium oxide nanoparticle carbon paste electrode (AM-TiO2-CPE) is utilised for electrochemical analysis of NA using various voltammetric methods. This modification employs an enhanced electrochemical approach, demonstrating improved reactivity in terms of conductivity, current, rapid transfer of electron-proton, and electroactive sites, during the process of redox. Electrochemical investigation was conducted through a 0.1 M phosphate buffer (BS) at 6.7 pH with scan rate (SR) of 0.1 V/s by the redox process. The lower concentration analysis achieved a detection limit (DL) of 0.03 µM and 0.01 µM. Electrochemical studies, such as (EIS) Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, (DPV) Differential pulse voltammetry, and (CV) Cyclic voltammetry, are used to assess the electrode behaviour. The fabricated electrode facilitates selectivity, sensitivity, repeatability and reproducibility. The output achieves promising results and ensures a quality strategy of innovation to improve the sensor performance for NA detection in biological and pharmaceutical products.