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<p>In this study, α-Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> nanoparticles were successfully synthesized via a chemical precipitation method, followed by calcination at different temperatures (400, 600, and 800&#xa0;°C) to investigate the influence of thermal treatment on their structural, optical, morphological, and photocatalytic properties. X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed the formation of phase-pure rhombohedral α-Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and revealed that the crystallite size increased from 29 to 54&#xa0;nm with higher calcination temperatures, indicating improved crystallinity. Optical studies showed a systematic reduction in band gap energy from 2.78 to 2.64&#xa0;eV, while FTIR spectra verified the presence of Fe–O vibrational modes and the progressive removal of surface hydroxyl and organic groups upon calcination. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) demonstrated uniform rod-like morphologies, with particle dimensions enlarging at elevated temperatures due to Ostwald ripening. The photocatalytic performance was evaluated using methylene blue (MB) as a model pollutant under visible light. Notably, photocatalytic efficiency increased with calcination temperature, reaching ~ 92% degradation for the 800&#xa0;°C sample, which is attributed to enhanced crystallinity, optimized surface functionality, and improved charge separation. Overall, these findings demonstrate that thermally tuned α-Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> nanorods possess excellent potential as cost-effective and efficient photocatalysts for wastewater treatment applications. The photocatalyst showed outstanding reusability, maintaining a high degrading efficiency across three successive cycles. This stability suggests that it may have long-term practical uses.</p>

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Impact of Thermal Treatment on Bandgap and Morphological Properties of α-Fe2O3 Nanoparticles for Photocatalysis

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月19日

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  • C. Dominic Savio,
  • S. Rahul,
  • P. Saravanan,
  • D. Daniel Lawrence,
  • Subhav Singh,
  • Sivarasan Ganesan,
  • A. Dhayal Raj,
  • T. Pazhanivel,
  • E. Ragulkumar

摘要

In this study, α-Fe2O3 nanoparticles were successfully synthesized via a chemical precipitation method, followed by calcination at different temperatures (400, 600, and 800 °C) to investigate the influence of thermal treatment on their structural, optical, morphological, and photocatalytic properties. X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed the formation of phase-pure rhombohedral α-Fe2O3 and revealed that the crystallite size increased from 29 to 54 nm with higher calcination temperatures, indicating improved crystallinity. Optical studies showed a systematic reduction in band gap energy from 2.78 to 2.64 eV, while FTIR spectra verified the presence of Fe–O vibrational modes and the progressive removal of surface hydroxyl and organic groups upon calcination. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) demonstrated uniform rod-like morphologies, with particle dimensions enlarging at elevated temperatures due to Ostwald ripening. The photocatalytic performance was evaluated using methylene blue (MB) as a model pollutant under visible light. Notably, photocatalytic efficiency increased with calcination temperature, reaching ~ 92% degradation for the 800 °C sample, which is attributed to enhanced crystallinity, optimized surface functionality, and improved charge separation. Overall, these findings demonstrate that thermally tuned α-Fe2O3 nanorods possess excellent potential as cost-effective and efficient photocatalysts for wastewater treatment applications. The photocatalyst showed outstanding reusability, maintaining a high degrading efficiency across three successive cycles. This stability suggests that it may have long-term practical uses.