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<p>In this study, we studied the potential of the newly developed Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>@SiO<sub>2</sub> core/shell functionalized with sulfonated gallic acid in the multicomponent synthesis of 2,4,5-trisubstituted-1<i>H</i>-imidazoles and 4,6-disubstituted pyrimidine-2(1<i>H</i>)-one derivatives under mild and green conditions. Taking advantage of the water compatibility of the catalyst, these syntheses were carried out smoothly in water or under neat conditions and the catalyst was recovered by a simple magnetic separation process and reused eight times. This catalytic system utilized multicomponent reaction chemistry as a flexible synthetic toolbox in an atom economical and environmentally benign synthesis of the title compounds. This methodology offers a metal-free and eco-sustainable approach and is endowed with mild reaction conditions, high yields, and good functional group tolerance.</p>

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Environmentally Friendly Synthesis of Imidazoles and Pyrimidines Using Fe3O4@SiO2 Core/Shell Functionalized with Sulfonated Gallic Acid as a Water-Compatible and Robust Catalyst

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月10日

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  • Zahra Firouzi,
  • Dariush Khalili,
  • Ali Reza Sardarian,
  • Morteza Zare

摘要

In this study, we studied the potential of the newly developed Fe3O4@SiO2 core/shell functionalized with sulfonated gallic acid in the multicomponent synthesis of 2,4,5-trisubstituted-1H-imidazoles and 4,6-disubstituted pyrimidine-2(1H)-one derivatives under mild and green conditions. Taking advantage of the water compatibility of the catalyst, these syntheses were carried out smoothly in water or under neat conditions and the catalyst was recovered by a simple magnetic separation process and reused eight times. This catalytic system utilized multicomponent reaction chemistry as a flexible synthetic toolbox in an atom economical and environmentally benign synthesis of the title compounds. This methodology offers a metal-free and eco-sustainable approach and is endowed with mild reaction conditions, high yields, and good functional group tolerance.