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<p>The contamination of aquatic ecosystems by heavy metals poses a critical risk to human health and environmental integrity. In response, functional oxide nanomaterials and their composites have emerged as highly effective candidates for water purification, owing to their exceptional surface area, tunable porosity, chemical stability, and strong adsorption potential. This review offers a comprehensive and analytical perspective on the design, synthesis, and deployment of key oxide-based nanomaterials - including titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, iron oxides, and manganese oxides - as well as advanced hybrid composites engineered for the removal of toxic metal ions from water. Unlike conventional summaries, this work emphasizes performance comparisons, highlights structure–function relationships, and elucidates key removal mechanisms such as adsorption, redox reactions, ion exchange, and photocatalysis. It also addresses current limitations related to material reusability, synthesis cost, and field applicability, and proposes future-oriented strategies to overcome these barriers. Through integrated insights and a forward-looking approach, this review aims to support the advancement of next-generation nanomaterials for scalable, cost-effective, and environmentally sustainable heavy metal remediation.</p>

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Advanced Nanostructured Oxide Materials and Composites for Efficient Heavy Metal Removal from Water

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月18日

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  • Nazish Parveen,
  • Youssef Al-Basri,
  • A. Nivetha,
  • Sajid Ali Ansari,
  • Manesh A. Yewale,
  • Mir Waqas Alam

摘要

The contamination of aquatic ecosystems by heavy metals poses a critical risk to human health and environmental integrity. In response, functional oxide nanomaterials and their composites have emerged as highly effective candidates for water purification, owing to their exceptional surface area, tunable porosity, chemical stability, and strong adsorption potential. This review offers a comprehensive and analytical perspective on the design, synthesis, and deployment of key oxide-based nanomaterials - including titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, iron oxides, and manganese oxides - as well as advanced hybrid composites engineered for the removal of toxic metal ions from water. Unlike conventional summaries, this work emphasizes performance comparisons, highlights structure–function relationships, and elucidates key removal mechanisms such as adsorption, redox reactions, ion exchange, and photocatalysis. It also addresses current limitations related to material reusability, synthesis cost, and field applicability, and proposes future-oriented strategies to overcome these barriers. Through integrated insights and a forward-looking approach, this review aims to support the advancement of next-generation nanomaterials for scalable, cost-effective, and environmentally sustainable heavy metal remediation.