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<p>The presence of azithromycin, a macrolide antibiotic, in aquatic environments poses a significant environmental concern due to its potential impacts on aquatic ecosystems and human health. This study proposes an eco-friendly, highly efficient and robust photodegradation process for the removal of azithromycin from aqueous samples. The photodegradation experiments were conducted under basic conditions (optimal pH ≈ 11) using a 300 W Xe lamp (λ &gt; 350 nm) with UV blocking filter. The nanocomposite displayed a nanorod-shaped sponge-like structure cobalt oxide/graphitic carbon nitride composite as the photocatalyst. The nanocomposite was synthesized and characterized using XRD, SEM, EDS, TEM, BET, and zeta potential analysis. The results demonstrated that approximately 97% of azithromycin was degraded within 60 min under visible light irradiation in the presence of the Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> photocatalyst. The photodegradation kinetics followed a first-order model, with a rate constant of 0.0536 1/min. BET analysis revealed that the Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> photocatalyst exhibits a mesoporous structure, contributing to a high specific surface area primarily attributed to the g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> component. The mechanistic study indicated that Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> facilitated the generation of hydroxyl radicals (<sup>•</sup>OH), while g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> promotes the formation of superoxide radicals (<sup>•</sup>O₂<sup>−</sup>), thereby enhancing the overall radical generation (<sup>•</sup>OH and <sup>•</sup>O₂<sup>−</sup>) within the Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> nanocomposite. These properties significantly improve the photocatalytic efficiency of the Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> nanocomposite in azithromycin degradation.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Next-Generation Nanophotocatalyst for Ultra-Efficient and Sustainable Azithromycin Decontamination: A Breakthrough Strategy for Visible-Light-Driven Pharmaceutical Waste Treatment

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月16日

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  • Mohammad Mehdi Sadughi,
  • Mehdi Hosseini,
  • Karem Gallardo

摘要

The presence of azithromycin, a macrolide antibiotic, in aquatic environments poses a significant environmental concern due to its potential impacts on aquatic ecosystems and human health. This study proposes an eco-friendly, highly efficient and robust photodegradation process for the removal of azithromycin from aqueous samples. The photodegradation experiments were conducted under basic conditions (optimal pH ≈ 11) using a 300 W Xe lamp (λ > 350 nm) with UV blocking filter. The nanocomposite displayed a nanorod-shaped sponge-like structure cobalt oxide/graphitic carbon nitride composite as the photocatalyst. The nanocomposite was synthesized and characterized using XRD, SEM, EDS, TEM, BET, and zeta potential analysis. The results demonstrated that approximately 97% of azithromycin was degraded within 60 min under visible light irradiation in the presence of the Co3O4/g-C3N4 photocatalyst. The photodegradation kinetics followed a first-order model, with a rate constant of 0.0536 1/min. BET analysis revealed that the Co3O4/g-C3N4 photocatalyst exhibits a mesoporous structure, contributing to a high specific surface area primarily attributed to the g-C3N4 component. The mechanistic study indicated that Co3O4 facilitated the generation of hydroxyl radicals (•OH), while g-C3N4 promotes the formation of superoxide radicals (•O₂−), thereby enhancing the overall radical generation (•OH and •O₂−) within the Co3O4/g-C3N4 nanocomposite. These properties significantly improve the photocatalytic efficiency of the Co3O4/g-C3N4 nanocomposite in azithromycin degradation.

Graphical Abstract