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<p>The release of vast effluents in textile dyeing processes into water reservoirs is one of the critical environmental issues. The more toxic methylene blue (MB) dye used in textile industries is being utilized in a biogenic approach using the&#xa0;hydrothermal method to synthesize the Cu@ZnO nanomaterials through sustainable and environment-friendly process utilization of <i>Hibiscus rosa-sinensis</i> leaf extracts as reducing as well as capping agents. Several analytical techniques were used for the structural, morphological, and compositional attributes of the Cu@ZnO nanomaterials characterized by XRD, UV, FTIR, FE-SEM–EDS, and HR-TEM-SEAD analysis. The UV–Vis spectrum showed a peak absorbance at 380&#xa0;nm and a band gap of 3.26&#xa0;eV. FTIR analysis revealed several vibrational modes, indicating the presence of various functional groups such as 2355&#xa0;cm<sup>−1</sup> (C=O stretching), 1529&#xa0;cm<sup>−1</sup> (C=C stretching), 665&#xa0;cm<sup>−1</sup> (Cu–O stretching), and 426&#xa0;cm<sup>−1</sup> (Zn–O stretching). XRD analysis confirmed the crystalline nature of the nanomaterials with an average crystallite size of&#xa0;32&#xa0;nm. EDX confirmed the Cu, Zn, and O elements, and&#xa0;SEM and HR-TEM analyses revealed a sphere-like morphology with an interplanar spacing of 260&#xa0;pm. The photocatalytic activity concerning MB dye degradation under ultraviolet–visible light exposure was determined. Effects of parameters, including catalyst dosage, initial dye concentration, and irradiation time, concerning the degradation efficiency. A degradation rate of 97.67% for MB dye was obtained within an irradiation time of 60&#xa0;min with a remarkable photocatalytic efficacy of the nanomaterials. The kinetic analysis described the first-order reaction model by a determined velocity constant of 0.03390&#xa0;min⁻<sup>1</sup> and a&#xa0;half-life of 20.44&#xa0;min. This can be attributed to its specific structural properties, which enhance the effective separation and transfer of charges in the nanomaterials. The current work is a promising basis for further developing sustainable and efficient photocatalysts to remedy water pollution from organic dye contaminants.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Efficient Photodegradation of Methylene Blue Dye Using Biogenic Copper Doped Zinc Oxide (Cu@ZnO) Photocatalyst Under Ultra-visible Light Irradiation

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年2月13日

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  • Vikram Jadhav,
  • Umesh Dheple,
  • Pradnya Raut,
  • Seema Nikam,
  • Arun Bhagare

摘要

The release of vast effluents in textile dyeing processes into water reservoirs is one of the critical environmental issues. The more toxic methylene blue (MB) dye used in textile industries is being utilized in a biogenic approach using the hydrothermal method to synthesize the Cu@ZnO nanomaterials through sustainable and environment-friendly process utilization of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis leaf extracts as reducing as well as capping agents. Several analytical techniques were used for the structural, morphological, and compositional attributes of the Cu@ZnO nanomaterials characterized by XRD, UV, FTIR, FE-SEM–EDS, and HR-TEM-SEAD analysis. The UV–Vis spectrum showed a peak absorbance at 380 nm and a band gap of 3.26 eV. FTIR analysis revealed several vibrational modes, indicating the presence of various functional groups such as 2355 cm−1 (C=O stretching), 1529 cm−1 (C=C stretching), 665 cm−1 (Cu–O stretching), and 426 cm−1 (Zn–O stretching). XRD analysis confirmed the crystalline nature of the nanomaterials with an average crystallite size of 32 nm. EDX confirmed the Cu, Zn, and O elements, and SEM and HR-TEM analyses revealed a sphere-like morphology with an interplanar spacing of 260 pm. The photocatalytic activity concerning MB dye degradation under ultraviolet–visible light exposure was determined. Effects of parameters, including catalyst dosage, initial dye concentration, and irradiation time, concerning the degradation efficiency. A degradation rate of 97.67% for MB dye was obtained within an irradiation time of 60 min with a remarkable photocatalytic efficacy of the nanomaterials. The kinetic analysis described the first-order reaction model by a determined velocity constant of 0.03390 min⁻1 and a half-life of 20.44 min. This can be attributed to its specific structural properties, which enhance the effective separation and transfer of charges in the nanomaterials. The current work is a promising basis for further developing sustainable and efficient photocatalysts to remedy water pollution from organic dye contaminants.

Graphical Abstract