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<p>This study explores the synthesis, characterization, and optimization of zinc sulfide nanoparticles (ZnS-NPs) for the adsorption of <i>Acid Green 25 (AG-25)</i> dye from wastewater. ZnS-NPs were synthesized via the co-precipitation method and characterized by SEM, EDX, UV–Vis, FTIR, and XRD analyses, confirming a granular hierarchical structure, high purity showing a significant absorption peak at 310&#xa0;nm and face-centered cubic crystal lattice with characteristic peaks matching with JCPDS file number 5-0566. The calculated band gap was 3.5&#xa0;eV and the point of zero charge (PZC) was 5.84 indicating pH-dependent surface charge properties. Maximum adsorption was achieved using 0.3&#xa0;g of ZnS-NPs adsorbent dose and 10&#xa0;ppm of dye at pH 3 in 30&#xa0;min; adsorption process followed the pseudo-first-order model (<i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.997) suggesting physisorption, while followed isotherm model was Temkin isotherm with <i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.8202 describing the adsorption equilibrium highlighting interactions between adsorbate molecules. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) optimization was used with Central Composite Design (CCD) to evaluate four factors such as pH, adsorbent dose, dye concentration and contact time to maximize adsorption efficiency. ANOVA analysis revealed a highly significant quadratic model (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.0001) with optimal conditions for dye removal and validated experimentally with a negligible error of 1.2% compared to predicted values. The RSM model demonstrated high predictive accuracy with <i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.9784 and an insignificant lack of fit (<i>p</i> = 0.1337) underscoring ZnS-NPs as a robust, cost-effective and environmentally friendly adsorbent for industrial wastewater treatment.</p>

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Optimized adsorption of Acid Green 25 (AG-25) dye using zinc sulfide (ZnS) nanoparticles: a Response Surface Methodology approach

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年2月4日

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  • Naureen Hussain,
  • Mahnoor Zeb,
  • Muhammad Irfan,
  • Muhammad Zeeshan,
  • F. Akbar Jan

摘要

This study explores the synthesis, characterization, and optimization of zinc sulfide nanoparticles (ZnS-NPs) for the adsorption of Acid Green 25 (AG-25) dye from wastewater. ZnS-NPs were synthesized via the co-precipitation method and characterized by SEM, EDX, UV–Vis, FTIR, and XRD analyses, confirming a granular hierarchical structure, high purity showing a significant absorption peak at 310 nm and face-centered cubic crystal lattice with characteristic peaks matching with JCPDS file number 5-0566. The calculated band gap was 3.5 eV and the point of zero charge (PZC) was 5.84 indicating pH-dependent surface charge properties. Maximum adsorption was achieved using 0.3 g of ZnS-NPs adsorbent dose and 10 ppm of dye at pH 3 in 30 min; adsorption process followed the pseudo-first-order model (R2 = 0.997) suggesting physisorption, while followed isotherm model was Temkin isotherm with R2 = 0.8202 describing the adsorption equilibrium highlighting interactions between adsorbate molecules. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) optimization was used with Central Composite Design (CCD) to evaluate four factors such as pH, adsorbent dose, dye concentration and contact time to maximize adsorption efficiency. ANOVA analysis revealed a highly significant quadratic model (p < 0.0001) with optimal conditions for dye removal and validated experimentally with a negligible error of 1.2% compared to predicted values. The RSM model demonstrated high predictive accuracy with R2 = 0.9784 and an insignificant lack of fit (p = 0.1337) underscoring ZnS-NPs as a robust, cost-effective and environmentally friendly adsorbent for industrial wastewater treatment.