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<p>The study of couple stress nanofluids with variable thermal conductivity incorporating Soret and Dufour effects is carried out in this article. Couple stress fluids, defined by the rotational behavior of material elements under load, enhance modeling accuracy by capturing microstructural effects at small scales. This improves the solution of complex boundary value problems and deepens understanding of heat and mass transfer in physiological flows. The current model demonstrates improved performance, as evidenced by enhancements in the Nusselt number and increases in the Sherwood number compared to conventional nanofluid models, as summarized in the tables. The governing flow equations, which involve multiple independent variables, are reduced to a single variable using suitable similarity transformations and solved using MATLAB’s built-in BVP4c package and the homotopy analysis method (HAM). For specified values of the thermophoresis parameter, increasing the number of iterations in HAM enhances its accuracy, yielding results more comparable to those reported in the literature than the shooting method. Both methods demonstrate excellent agreement, with an error margin of less than 0.001, and the convergence for the series solution is also obtained. Additionally, the effects of thermophoresis and Brownian motion on flow behavior are explored in graphical analysis.</p>

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Numerical and Series Solution for Couple Stress Fluid Flow in Thermosolutal Convection with Soret and Dufour Effects

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月31日

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  • R. Snehashree,
  • K. G. Chandan,
  • Patil Mallikarjun B.,
  • Basma Souayeh

摘要

The study of couple stress nanofluids with variable thermal conductivity incorporating Soret and Dufour effects is carried out in this article. Couple stress fluids, defined by the rotational behavior of material elements under load, enhance modeling accuracy by capturing microstructural effects at small scales. This improves the solution of complex boundary value problems and deepens understanding of heat and mass transfer in physiological flows. The current model demonstrates improved performance, as evidenced by enhancements in the Nusselt number and increases in the Sherwood number compared to conventional nanofluid models, as summarized in the tables. The governing flow equations, which involve multiple independent variables, are reduced to a single variable using suitable similarity transformations and solved using MATLAB’s built-in BVP4c package and the homotopy analysis method (HAM). For specified values of the thermophoresis parameter, increasing the number of iterations in HAM enhances its accuracy, yielding results more comparable to those reported in the literature than the shooting method. Both methods demonstrate excellent agreement, with an error margin of less than 0.001, and the convergence for the series solution is also obtained. Additionally, the effects of thermophoresis and Brownian motion on flow behavior are explored in graphical analysis.