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<p><i>Polygonum maritimum</i> L. (sea knotgrass) is a salt-tolerant medicinal plant rich in phenolic compounds with recognised antioxidant potential and growing interest for pharmaceutical and nutraceutical applications. This study evaluated the effects of salicylic acid (SA) elicitation on growth, phenolic metabolite profiles, and antioxidant activity in roots and shoots of <i>P. maritimum</i> in vitro cultures. Shoots were cultured for four weeks on control medium or medium supplemented with 50, 100, or 200 µM SA. The roots formed during the treatment were separated from the shoots and analysed independently. Phenolic profiles of both organs were characterised by LC–ESI–QTOF–MS, and antioxidant activity was assessed using DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, and copper-chelating activity assays. SA elicitation induced clear dose-dependent responses, with increasing concentrations reducing biomass and altering metabolite composition. Roots exhibited substantially greater chemical diversity than shoots, including catechin-type flavonoids, quercetin derivatives, and phenolic acids, whereas shoots displayed a simpler profile comprising a gallic acid derivative and flavonoid glycosides. In roots, 50 and 100 µM SA were associated with broader metabolite profiles, whereas several compounds were no longer detected at 200 µM, suggesting that lower and intermediate SA concentrations may be more suitable for preserving a broader metabolite profile. Antioxidant responses were assay- and organ-dependent, with roots generally displaying stronger radical-scavenging activity, although no single SA concentration consistently maximised bioactivity across all assays. Overall, SA altered biomass, metabolite occurrence, and antioxidant activity in an organ- and concentration-dependent manner. These findings provide a basis for optimising SA elicitation to produce <i>P. maritimum</i> biomass with tailored phenolic profiles for potential nutraceutical, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic applications.</p>

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Salicylic acid induces dose-dependent and organ-specific modulation of phenolic profiles and antioxidant activity in Polygonum maritimum L. in vitro cultures

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月28日

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  • Adeola Oyesiji,
  • Sylwester Ślusarczyk,
  • Adam Matkowski,
  • Eliana Fernandes,
  • Marie Binnert,
  • Tiago Braga,
  • Luísa Custódio,
  • Maria João Rodrigues

摘要

Polygonum maritimum L. (sea knotgrass) is a salt-tolerant medicinal plant rich in phenolic compounds with recognised antioxidant potential and growing interest for pharmaceutical and nutraceutical applications. This study evaluated the effects of salicylic acid (SA) elicitation on growth, phenolic metabolite profiles, and antioxidant activity in roots and shoots of P. maritimum in vitro cultures. Shoots were cultured for four weeks on control medium or medium supplemented with 50, 100, or 200 µM SA. The roots formed during the treatment were separated from the shoots and analysed independently. Phenolic profiles of both organs were characterised by LC–ESI–QTOF–MS, and antioxidant activity was assessed using DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, and copper-chelating activity assays. SA elicitation induced clear dose-dependent responses, with increasing concentrations reducing biomass and altering metabolite composition. Roots exhibited substantially greater chemical diversity than shoots, including catechin-type flavonoids, quercetin derivatives, and phenolic acids, whereas shoots displayed a simpler profile comprising a gallic acid derivative and flavonoid glycosides. In roots, 50 and 100 µM SA were associated with broader metabolite profiles, whereas several compounds were no longer detected at 200 µM, suggesting that lower and intermediate SA concentrations may be more suitable for preserving a broader metabolite profile. Antioxidant responses were assay- and organ-dependent, with roots generally displaying stronger radical-scavenging activity, although no single SA concentration consistently maximised bioactivity across all assays. Overall, SA altered biomass, metabolite occurrence, and antioxidant activity in an organ- and concentration-dependent manner. These findings provide a basis for optimising SA elicitation to produce P. maritimum biomass with tailored phenolic profiles for potential nutraceutical, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic applications.