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<p><i>Capsicum baccatum</i> is a germplasm resource with significant breeding value. Its recalcitrance to in vitro regeneration hinders genetic improvement. WUSCHEL-related homeobox (WOX) genes play important roles in plant development and regeneration, but their functions in <i>C. baccatum</i> remain poorly understood. In this study, we identified 13 CbWOX genes through genome-wide analysis. We characterized their structural features, phylogenetic relationships, and <i>cis</i>-acting elements. We focused on the regeneration bottleneck. CbWOX7 and CbWOX9 were prioritized for functional validation based on their distinct genomic distributions and high expression levels in cotyledonary explants. Subcellular localization assays revealed that CbWOX7 is restricted to the nucleus. In contrast, CbWOX9 shows dual localization in the nucleus and plasma membrane. Functional assays using virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) and stable overexpression demonstrated that both genes significantly influence callus development. Quantitative analysis showed that overexpression of CbWOX7 and CbWOX9 increased callus expansion area. Conversely, their silencing reduced proliferation rates. These results indicate that CbWOX7 and CbWOX9 positively regulate callus proliferation. They provide potential molecular targets to enhance the regenerative capacity of <i>C. baccatum</i>. Our findings lay the foundation for deciphering the transcriptional networks that govern early somatic embryogenesis and organogenesis in pepper.</p>

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Genome-wide identification of the WOX gene family in Capsicum baccatum and the roles of CbWOX7 and CbWOX9 in promoting callus proliferation

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月16日

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  • Yu Zhang,
  • Muhammad Imran,
  • Huangying Shu,
  • Liping Zhang,
  • Huazheng Shao,
  • Yingsai Li,
  • Xu Lu,
  • Shanhan Cheng,
  • Huizhen Fu,
  • Zhiwei Wang

摘要

Capsicum baccatum is a germplasm resource with significant breeding value. Its recalcitrance to in vitro regeneration hinders genetic improvement. WUSCHEL-related homeobox (WOX) genes play important roles in plant development and regeneration, but their functions in C. baccatum remain poorly understood. In this study, we identified 13 CbWOX genes through genome-wide analysis. We characterized their structural features, phylogenetic relationships, and cis-acting elements. We focused on the regeneration bottleneck. CbWOX7 and CbWOX9 were prioritized for functional validation based on their distinct genomic distributions and high expression levels in cotyledonary explants. Subcellular localization assays revealed that CbWOX7 is restricted to the nucleus. In contrast, CbWOX9 shows dual localization in the nucleus and plasma membrane. Functional assays using virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) and stable overexpression demonstrated that both genes significantly influence callus development. Quantitative analysis showed that overexpression of CbWOX7 and CbWOX9 increased callus expansion area. Conversely, their silencing reduced proliferation rates. These results indicate that CbWOX7 and CbWOX9 positively regulate callus proliferation. They provide potential molecular targets to enhance the regenerative capacity of C. baccatum. Our findings lay the foundation for deciphering the transcriptional networks that govern early somatic embryogenesis and organogenesis in pepper.