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<p>Understanding plant responses to abiotic stress under controlled conditions is crucial for developing resilient planting material. In this study, the effects of salt and drought stresses induced in vitro on somatic embryogenesis were investigated in date palm cv. Mejhoul. Embryogenic calli were exposed to different concentrations of sodium chloride (NaCl; 2.5–10&#xa0;g L⁻¹) or Polyethylene glycol (PEG; 50–150&#xa0;g L⁻¹) for 1–3 weeks during the maturation phase. Both stresses significantly affected the physio-biochemical characteristics of embryogenic calli in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. Glycine betaine accumulated markedly under both NaCl (up to 0.265&#xa0;mg g⁻¹ DW) and PEG (up to 0.253&#xa0;mg g⁻¹ DW) treatments, whereas proline exhibited a transient increase during early stress exposure followed by a decline under prolonged stress. Total protein and carbohydrate contents generally decreased under salinity, while carbohydrate levels increased after prolonged PEG exposure. Photosynthetic pigments were reduced under both stresses. NaCl and PEG treatments also influenced somatic embryo development, with the strongest inhibitory effects observed at high stress levels (5.90 mature embryos per 100&#xa0;mg callus compared to 80.20 in controls; 17.64% germination compared to 49.50% in controls). Despite these effects, regenerated plantlets exhibited high survival rates (70–90%) during acclimatization. Interestingly, plantlets derived from stressed calli generally showed comparable, and occasionally enhanced, growth and stable photosynthetic performance relative to unstressed controls, indicating a strong recovery capacity. These findings provide insights into the responses of date palm embryogenic cultures to abiotic stress and their implications for replanting programs under challenging environments.</p>

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In vitro salt and drought stress modulate somatic embryogenesis and plantlet development in date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) cv. Mejhoul

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月21日

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  • Saida El Maataoui,
  • Fatima Bouchiha,
  • Hibat Allah Kharbouche,
  • Hassna Radi,
  • Mouaad Amine Mazri

摘要

Understanding plant responses to abiotic stress under controlled conditions is crucial for developing resilient planting material. In this study, the effects of salt and drought stresses induced in vitro on somatic embryogenesis were investigated in date palm cv. Mejhoul. Embryogenic calli were exposed to different concentrations of sodium chloride (NaCl; 2.5–10 g L⁻¹) or Polyethylene glycol (PEG; 50–150 g L⁻¹) for 1–3 weeks during the maturation phase. Both stresses significantly affected the physio-biochemical characteristics of embryogenic calli in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. Glycine betaine accumulated markedly under both NaCl (up to 0.265 mg g⁻¹ DW) and PEG (up to 0.253 mg g⁻¹ DW) treatments, whereas proline exhibited a transient increase during early stress exposure followed by a decline under prolonged stress. Total protein and carbohydrate contents generally decreased under salinity, while carbohydrate levels increased after prolonged PEG exposure. Photosynthetic pigments were reduced under both stresses. NaCl and PEG treatments also influenced somatic embryo development, with the strongest inhibitory effects observed at high stress levels (5.90 mature embryos per 100 mg callus compared to 80.20 in controls; 17.64% germination compared to 49.50% in controls). Despite these effects, regenerated plantlets exhibited high survival rates (70–90%) during acclimatization. Interestingly, plantlets derived from stressed calli generally showed comparable, and occasionally enhanced, growth and stable photosynthetic performance relative to unstressed controls, indicating a strong recovery capacity. These findings provide insights into the responses of date palm embryogenic cultures to abiotic stress and their implications for replanting programs under challenging environments.