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<p>Somatic embryogenesis (SE) is a powerful platform for genetic transformation and clonal propagation of monocot crops; however, its application in grasses is constrained by limited explant responsiveness and strict requirements for induction conditions. In the present study, SE was optimized in arid and non-arid grass species using transverse thin-layer cells (tTLCs) derived from the meristematic region of the peduncle base node as explants. Cultures were established on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with varying concentrations of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). Callus initiation was observed in all tested explants across fourteen grass species, while optimal embryogenic callus formation occurred at 18–36 µM 2,4-D. Among the tested species, <i>Digitaria ciliaris</i> and <i>Brachiaria reptans</i> exhibited the highest frequencies of somatic embryogenic callus (82.64% and 79.44%, respectively). Efficient bipolar regeneration of somatic embryos into plantlets was obtained for <i>D. ciliaris,</i> while dormant somatic embryos of <i>B. reptans</i> were successfully revived using gibberellic acid (GA₃), resulting in an 18% germination rate. These findings prove that tTLCs from the peduncle base node represent a highly competent explant source for synchronized somatic embryogenesis, providing a rapid and low-subculture protocol with significant potential for genetic engineering and germplasm conservation in grasses.</p>

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Peduncle meristem-derived transverse Thin-layer cells enable efficient somatic embryogenesis in grasses

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月25日

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  • M. Barupal,
  • S.K. Choudhary,
  • V. Kataria

摘要

Somatic embryogenesis (SE) is a powerful platform for genetic transformation and clonal propagation of monocot crops; however, its application in grasses is constrained by limited explant responsiveness and strict requirements for induction conditions. In the present study, SE was optimized in arid and non-arid grass species using transverse thin-layer cells (tTLCs) derived from the meristematic region of the peduncle base node as explants. Cultures were established on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with varying concentrations of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). Callus initiation was observed in all tested explants across fourteen grass species, while optimal embryogenic callus formation occurred at 18–36 µM 2,4-D. Among the tested species, Digitaria ciliaris and Brachiaria reptans exhibited the highest frequencies of somatic embryogenic callus (82.64% and 79.44%, respectively). Efficient bipolar regeneration of somatic embryos into plantlets was obtained for D. ciliaris, while dormant somatic embryos of B. reptans were successfully revived using gibberellic acid (GA₃), resulting in an 18% germination rate. These findings prove that tTLCs from the peduncle base node represent a highly competent explant source for synchronized somatic embryogenesis, providing a rapid and low-subculture protocol with significant potential for genetic engineering and germplasm conservation in grasses.