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<p>Endophytic bacterial contamination remains a major constraint in the successful in vitro propagation of date palm (<i>Phoenix dactylifera</i> L.), frequently causing severe losses and reduced multiplication efficiency. The aims of the present study included the isolation and identification of bacterial contaminants from micropropagated date palm cv. ‘Mejhoul’ and to the evaluation of the efficacy of physiological mitigation strategies to minimize culture losses. During the initiation phase, 36% of explants developed bacterial contamination, exhibiting both early and delayed expression patterns. Recurrent emergence during shoot multiplication further confirmed the persistence of latent endophytes. Bacterial identification using the automated VITEK® 2 Compact system revealed nine dominant non-sporulating species, eight of them reported here for the first time in date palm in vitro cultures. The main taxa included <i>Ochrobactrum anthropi</i>, <i>Micrococcus</i> <i>luteus</i>, <i>Roseomonas gilardii</i>, <i>Oligella ureolytica</i>, <i>Sphingomonas paucimobilis</i>, <i>Kocuria varians</i>, <i>Ewingella americana</i>, <i>Acinetobacter lwoffii</i>, and <i>Kocuria rosea</i>. The absence of spore-forming bacteria supported the application of moderate heat regimes. A treatment at 50 °C for 20 min reduced contamination by 82% while maintaining explant viability and optimal shoot proliferation. In parallel, sucrose and dextrose promoted higher multiplication rates while maintaining moderate contamination levels, highlighting the critical balance between plant metabolic demand and microbial growth. These findings demonstrate that integrating rapid bacterial identification with targeted physical and nutritional adjustments provides a sustainable, non-antibiotic framework for managing persistent endophytic contamination in date palm micropropagation systems.</p>

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Management of latent endophytic bacterial contamination in date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) micropropagation through rapid biochemical identification and physiological mitigation strategies

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月9日

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  • Mohamed Laaguidi,
  • Reda Meziani,
  • Aziz Bouymajane,
  • Mustapha Aazza,
  • Khalid Sellam

摘要

Endophytic bacterial contamination remains a major constraint in the successful in vitro propagation of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.), frequently causing severe losses and reduced multiplication efficiency. The aims of the present study included the isolation and identification of bacterial contaminants from micropropagated date palm cv. ‘Mejhoul’ and to the evaluation of the efficacy of physiological mitigation strategies to minimize culture losses. During the initiation phase, 36% of explants developed bacterial contamination, exhibiting both early and delayed expression patterns. Recurrent emergence during shoot multiplication further confirmed the persistence of latent endophytes. Bacterial identification using the automated VITEK® 2 Compact system revealed nine dominant non-sporulating species, eight of them reported here for the first time in date palm in vitro cultures. The main taxa included Ochrobactrum anthropi, Micrococcus luteus, Roseomonas gilardii, Oligella ureolytica, Sphingomonas paucimobilis, Kocuria varians, Ewingella americana, Acinetobacter lwoffii, and Kocuria rosea. The absence of spore-forming bacteria supported the application of moderate heat regimes. A treatment at 50 °C for 20 min reduced contamination by 82% while maintaining explant viability and optimal shoot proliferation. In parallel, sucrose and dextrose promoted higher multiplication rates while maintaining moderate contamination levels, highlighting the critical balance between plant metabolic demand and microbial growth. These findings demonstrate that integrating rapid bacterial identification with targeted physical and nutritional adjustments provides a sustainable, non-antibiotic framework for managing persistent endophytic contamination in date palm micropropagation systems.